kernel-ark/lib/radix-tree.c
Johannes Weiner 449dd6984d mm: keep page cache radix tree nodes in check
Previously, page cache radix tree nodes were freed after reclaim emptied
out their page pointers.  But now reclaim stores shadow entries in their
place, which are only reclaimed when the inodes themselves are
reclaimed.  This is problematic for bigger files that are still in use
after they have a significant amount of their cache reclaimed, without
any of those pages actually refaulting.  The shadow entries will just
sit there and waste memory.  In the worst case, the shadow entries will
accumulate until the machine runs out of memory.

To get this under control, the VM will track radix tree nodes
exclusively containing shadow entries on a per-NUMA node list.  Per-NUMA
rather than global because we expect the radix tree nodes themselves to
be allocated node-locally and we want to reduce cross-node references of
otherwise independent cache workloads.  A simple shrinker will then
reclaim these nodes on memory pressure.

A few things need to be stored in the radix tree node to implement the
shadow node LRU and allow tree deletions coming from the list:

1. There is no index available that would describe the reverse path
   from the node up to the tree root, which is needed to perform a
   deletion.  To solve this, encode in each node its offset inside the
   parent.  This can be stored in the unused upper bits of the same
   member that stores the node's height at no extra space cost.

2. The number of shadow entries needs to be counted in addition to the
   regular entries, to quickly detect when the node is ready to go to
   the shadow node LRU list.  The current entry count is an unsigned
   int but the maximum number of entries is 64, so a shadow counter
   can easily be stored in the unused upper bits.

3. Tree modification needs tree lock and tree root, which are located
   in the address space, so store an address_space backpointer in the
   node.  The parent pointer of the node is in a union with the 2-word
   rcu_head, so the backpointer comes at no extra cost as well.

4. The node needs to be linked to an LRU list, which requires a list
   head inside the node.  This does increase the size of the node, but
   it does not change the number of objects that fit into a slab page.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: export the right function]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Luigi Semenzato <semenzato@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Metin Doslu <metin@citusdata.com>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Ozgun Erdogan <ozgun@citusdata.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <klamm@yandex-team.ru>
Cc: Ryan Mallon <rmallon@gmail.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-04-03 16:21:01 -07:00

1484 lines
39 KiB
C

/*
* Copyright (C) 2001 Momchil Velikov
* Portions Copyright (C) 2001 Christoph Hellwig
* Copyright (C) 2005 SGI, Christoph Lameter
* Copyright (C) 2006 Nick Piggin
* Copyright (C) 2012 Konstantin Khlebnikov
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
* published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at
* your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
* WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
*/
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/radix-tree.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/bitops.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#include <linux/hardirq.h> /* in_interrupt() */
/*
* The height_to_maxindex array needs to be one deeper than the maximum
* path as height 0 holds only 1 entry.
*/
static unsigned long height_to_maxindex[RADIX_TREE_MAX_PATH + 1] __read_mostly;
/*
* Radix tree node cache.
*/
static struct kmem_cache *radix_tree_node_cachep;
/*
* The radix tree is variable-height, so an insert operation not only has
* to build the branch to its corresponding item, it also has to build the
* branch to existing items if the size has to be increased (by
* radix_tree_extend).
*
* The worst case is a zero height tree with just a single item at index 0,
* and then inserting an item at index ULONG_MAX. This requires 2 new branches
* of RADIX_TREE_MAX_PATH size to be created, with only the root node shared.
* Hence:
*/
#define RADIX_TREE_PRELOAD_SIZE (RADIX_TREE_MAX_PATH * 2 - 1)
/*
* Per-cpu pool of preloaded nodes
*/
struct radix_tree_preload {
int nr;
struct radix_tree_node *nodes[RADIX_TREE_PRELOAD_SIZE];
};
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct radix_tree_preload, radix_tree_preloads) = { 0, };
static inline void *ptr_to_indirect(void *ptr)
{
return (void *)((unsigned long)ptr | RADIX_TREE_INDIRECT_PTR);
}
static inline void *indirect_to_ptr(void *ptr)
{
return (void *)((unsigned long)ptr & ~RADIX_TREE_INDIRECT_PTR);
}
static inline gfp_t root_gfp_mask(struct radix_tree_root *root)
{
return root->gfp_mask & __GFP_BITS_MASK;
}
static inline void tag_set(struct radix_tree_node *node, unsigned int tag,
int offset)
{
__set_bit(offset, node->tags[tag]);
}
static inline void tag_clear(struct radix_tree_node *node, unsigned int tag,
int offset)
{
__clear_bit(offset, node->tags[tag]);
}
static inline int tag_get(struct radix_tree_node *node, unsigned int tag,
int offset)
{
return test_bit(offset, node->tags[tag]);
}
static inline void root_tag_set(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned int tag)
{
root->gfp_mask |= (__force gfp_t)(1 << (tag + __GFP_BITS_SHIFT));
}
static inline void root_tag_clear(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned int tag)
{
root->gfp_mask &= (__force gfp_t)~(1 << (tag + __GFP_BITS_SHIFT));
}
static inline void root_tag_clear_all(struct radix_tree_root *root)
{
root->gfp_mask &= __GFP_BITS_MASK;
}
static inline int root_tag_get(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned int tag)
{
return (__force unsigned)root->gfp_mask & (1 << (tag + __GFP_BITS_SHIFT));
}
/*
* Returns 1 if any slot in the node has this tag set.
* Otherwise returns 0.
*/
static inline int any_tag_set(struct radix_tree_node *node, unsigned int tag)
{
int idx;
for (idx = 0; idx < RADIX_TREE_TAG_LONGS; idx++) {
if (node->tags[tag][idx])
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
/**
* radix_tree_find_next_bit - find the next set bit in a memory region
*
* @addr: The address to base the search on
* @size: The bitmap size in bits
* @offset: The bitnumber to start searching at
*
* Unrollable variant of find_next_bit() for constant size arrays.
* Tail bits starting from size to roundup(size, BITS_PER_LONG) must be zero.
* Returns next bit offset, or size if nothing found.
*/
static __always_inline unsigned long
radix_tree_find_next_bit(const unsigned long *addr,
unsigned long size, unsigned long offset)
{
if (!__builtin_constant_p(size))
return find_next_bit(addr, size, offset);
if (offset < size) {
unsigned long tmp;
addr += offset / BITS_PER_LONG;
tmp = *addr >> (offset % BITS_PER_LONG);
if (tmp)
return __ffs(tmp) + offset;
offset = (offset + BITS_PER_LONG) & ~(BITS_PER_LONG - 1);
while (offset < size) {
tmp = *++addr;
if (tmp)
return __ffs(tmp) + offset;
offset += BITS_PER_LONG;
}
}
return size;
}
/*
* This assumes that the caller has performed appropriate preallocation, and
* that the caller has pinned this thread of control to the current CPU.
*/
static struct radix_tree_node *
radix_tree_node_alloc(struct radix_tree_root *root)
{
struct radix_tree_node *ret = NULL;
gfp_t gfp_mask = root_gfp_mask(root);
/*
* Preload code isn't irq safe and it doesn't make sence to use
* preloading in the interrupt anyway as all the allocations have to
* be atomic. So just do normal allocation when in interrupt.
*/
if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT) && !in_interrupt()) {
struct radix_tree_preload *rtp;
/*
* Provided the caller has preloaded here, we will always
* succeed in getting a node here (and never reach
* kmem_cache_alloc)
*/
rtp = &__get_cpu_var(radix_tree_preloads);
if (rtp->nr) {
ret = rtp->nodes[rtp->nr - 1];
rtp->nodes[rtp->nr - 1] = NULL;
rtp->nr--;
}
}
if (ret == NULL)
ret = kmem_cache_alloc(radix_tree_node_cachep, gfp_mask);
BUG_ON(radix_tree_is_indirect_ptr(ret));
return ret;
}
static void radix_tree_node_rcu_free(struct rcu_head *head)
{
struct radix_tree_node *node =
container_of(head, struct radix_tree_node, rcu_head);
int i;
/*
* must only free zeroed nodes into the slab. radix_tree_shrink
* can leave us with a non-NULL entry in the first slot, so clear
* that here to make sure.
*/
for (i = 0; i < RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS; i++)
tag_clear(node, i, 0);
node->slots[0] = NULL;
node->count = 0;
kmem_cache_free(radix_tree_node_cachep, node);
}
static inline void
radix_tree_node_free(struct radix_tree_node *node)
{
call_rcu(&node->rcu_head, radix_tree_node_rcu_free);
}
/*
* Load up this CPU's radix_tree_node buffer with sufficient objects to
* ensure that the addition of a single element in the tree cannot fail. On
* success, return zero, with preemption disabled. On error, return -ENOMEM
* with preemption not disabled.
*
* To make use of this facility, the radix tree must be initialised without
* __GFP_WAIT being passed to INIT_RADIX_TREE().
*/
static int __radix_tree_preload(gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
struct radix_tree_preload *rtp;
struct radix_tree_node *node;
int ret = -ENOMEM;
preempt_disable();
rtp = &__get_cpu_var(radix_tree_preloads);
while (rtp->nr < ARRAY_SIZE(rtp->nodes)) {
preempt_enable();
node = kmem_cache_alloc(radix_tree_node_cachep, gfp_mask);
if (node == NULL)
goto out;
preempt_disable();
rtp = &__get_cpu_var(radix_tree_preloads);
if (rtp->nr < ARRAY_SIZE(rtp->nodes))
rtp->nodes[rtp->nr++] = node;
else
kmem_cache_free(radix_tree_node_cachep, node);
}
ret = 0;
out:
return ret;
}
/*
* Load up this CPU's radix_tree_node buffer with sufficient objects to
* ensure that the addition of a single element in the tree cannot fail. On
* success, return zero, with preemption disabled. On error, return -ENOMEM
* with preemption not disabled.
*
* To make use of this facility, the radix tree must be initialised without
* __GFP_WAIT being passed to INIT_RADIX_TREE().
*/
int radix_tree_preload(gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
/* Warn on non-sensical use... */
WARN_ON_ONCE(!(gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT));
return __radix_tree_preload(gfp_mask);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_preload);
/*
* The same as above function, except we don't guarantee preloading happens.
* We do it, if we decide it helps. On success, return zero with preemption
* disabled. On error, return -ENOMEM with preemption not disabled.
*/
int radix_tree_maybe_preload(gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
if (gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT)
return __radix_tree_preload(gfp_mask);
/* Preloading doesn't help anything with this gfp mask, skip it */
preempt_disable();
return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_maybe_preload);
/*
* Return the maximum key which can be store into a
* radix tree with height HEIGHT.
*/
static inline unsigned long radix_tree_maxindex(unsigned int height)
{
return height_to_maxindex[height];
}
/*
* Extend a radix tree so it can store key @index.
*/
static int radix_tree_extend(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned long index)
{
struct radix_tree_node *node;
struct radix_tree_node *slot;
unsigned int height;
int tag;
/* Figure out what the height should be. */
height = root->height + 1;
while (index > radix_tree_maxindex(height))
height++;
if (root->rnode == NULL) {
root->height = height;
goto out;
}
do {
unsigned int newheight;
if (!(node = radix_tree_node_alloc(root)))
return -ENOMEM;
/* Propagate the aggregated tag info into the new root */
for (tag = 0; tag < RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS; tag++) {
if (root_tag_get(root, tag))
tag_set(node, tag, 0);
}
/* Increase the height. */
newheight = root->height+1;
BUG_ON(newheight & ~RADIX_TREE_HEIGHT_MASK);
node->path = newheight;
node->count = 1;
node->parent = NULL;
slot = root->rnode;
if (newheight > 1) {
slot = indirect_to_ptr(slot);
slot->parent = node;
}
node->slots[0] = slot;
node = ptr_to_indirect(node);
rcu_assign_pointer(root->rnode, node);
root->height = newheight;
} while (height > root->height);
out:
return 0;
}
/**
* __radix_tree_create - create a slot in a radix tree
* @root: radix tree root
* @index: index key
* @nodep: returns node
* @slotp: returns slot
*
* Create, if necessary, and return the node and slot for an item
* at position @index in the radix tree @root.
*
* Until there is more than one item in the tree, no nodes are
* allocated and @root->rnode is used as a direct slot instead of
* pointing to a node, in which case *@nodep will be NULL.
*
* Returns -ENOMEM, or 0 for success.
*/
int __radix_tree_create(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned long index,
struct radix_tree_node **nodep, void ***slotp)
{
struct radix_tree_node *node = NULL, *slot;
unsigned int height, shift, offset;
int error;
/* Make sure the tree is high enough. */
if (index > radix_tree_maxindex(root->height)) {
error = radix_tree_extend(root, index);
if (error)
return error;
}
slot = indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode);
height = root->height;
shift = (height-1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
offset = 0; /* uninitialised var warning */
while (height > 0) {
if (slot == NULL) {
/* Have to add a child node. */
if (!(slot = radix_tree_node_alloc(root)))
return -ENOMEM;
slot->path = height;
slot->parent = node;
if (node) {
rcu_assign_pointer(node->slots[offset], slot);
node->count++;
slot->path |= offset << RADIX_TREE_HEIGHT_SHIFT;
} else
rcu_assign_pointer(root->rnode, ptr_to_indirect(slot));
}
/* Go a level down */
offset = (index >> shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
node = slot;
slot = node->slots[offset];
shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
height--;
}
if (nodep)
*nodep = node;
if (slotp)
*slotp = node ? node->slots + offset : (void **)&root->rnode;
return 0;
}
/**
* radix_tree_insert - insert into a radix tree
* @root: radix tree root
* @index: index key
* @item: item to insert
*
* Insert an item into the radix tree at position @index.
*/
int radix_tree_insert(struct radix_tree_root *root,
unsigned long index, void *item)
{
struct radix_tree_node *node;
void **slot;
int error;
BUG_ON(radix_tree_is_indirect_ptr(item));
error = __radix_tree_create(root, index, &node, &slot);
if (error)
return error;
if (*slot != NULL)
return -EEXIST;
rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, item);
if (node) {
node->count++;
BUG_ON(tag_get(node, 0, index & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK));
BUG_ON(tag_get(node, 1, index & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK));
} else {
BUG_ON(root_tag_get(root, 0));
BUG_ON(root_tag_get(root, 1));
}
return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_insert);
/**
* __radix_tree_lookup - lookup an item in a radix tree
* @root: radix tree root
* @index: index key
* @nodep: returns node
* @slotp: returns slot
*
* Lookup and return the item at position @index in the radix
* tree @root.
*
* Until there is more than one item in the tree, no nodes are
* allocated and @root->rnode is used as a direct slot instead of
* pointing to a node, in which case *@nodep will be NULL.
*/
void *__radix_tree_lookup(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned long index,
struct radix_tree_node **nodep, void ***slotp)
{
struct radix_tree_node *node, *parent;
unsigned int height, shift;
void **slot;
node = rcu_dereference_raw(root->rnode);
if (node == NULL)
return NULL;
if (!radix_tree_is_indirect_ptr(node)) {
if (index > 0)
return NULL;
if (nodep)
*nodep = NULL;
if (slotp)
*slotp = (void **)&root->rnode;
return node;
}
node = indirect_to_ptr(node);
height = node->path & RADIX_TREE_HEIGHT_MASK;
if (index > radix_tree_maxindex(height))
return NULL;
shift = (height-1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
do {
parent = node;
slot = node->slots + ((index >> shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK);
node = rcu_dereference_raw(*slot);
if (node == NULL)
return NULL;
shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
height--;
} while (height > 0);
if (nodep)
*nodep = parent;
if (slotp)
*slotp = slot;
return node;
}
/**
* radix_tree_lookup_slot - lookup a slot in a radix tree
* @root: radix tree root
* @index: index key
*
* Returns: the slot corresponding to the position @index in the
* radix tree @root. This is useful for update-if-exists operations.
*
* This function can be called under rcu_read_lock iff the slot is not
* modified by radix_tree_replace_slot, otherwise it must be called
* exclusive from other writers. Any dereference of the slot must be done
* using radix_tree_deref_slot.
*/
void **radix_tree_lookup_slot(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned long index)
{
void **slot;
if (!__radix_tree_lookup(root, index, NULL, &slot))
return NULL;
return slot;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_lookup_slot);
/**
* radix_tree_lookup - perform lookup operation on a radix tree
* @root: radix tree root
* @index: index key
*
* Lookup the item at the position @index in the radix tree @root.
*
* This function can be called under rcu_read_lock, however the caller
* must manage lifetimes of leaf nodes (eg. RCU may also be used to free
* them safely). No RCU barriers are required to access or modify the
* returned item, however.
*/
void *radix_tree_lookup(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned long index)
{
return __radix_tree_lookup(root, index, NULL, NULL);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_lookup);
/**
* radix_tree_tag_set - set a tag on a radix tree node
* @root: radix tree root
* @index: index key
* @tag: tag index
*
* Set the search tag (which must be < RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS)
* corresponding to @index in the radix tree. From
* the root all the way down to the leaf node.
*
* Returns the address of the tagged item. Setting a tag on a not-present
* item is a bug.
*/
void *radix_tree_tag_set(struct radix_tree_root *root,
unsigned long index, unsigned int tag)
{
unsigned int height, shift;
struct radix_tree_node *slot;
height = root->height;
BUG_ON(index > radix_tree_maxindex(height));
slot = indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode);
shift = (height - 1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
while (height > 0) {
int offset;
offset = (index >> shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
if (!tag_get(slot, tag, offset))
tag_set(slot, tag, offset);
slot = slot->slots[offset];
BUG_ON(slot == NULL);
shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
height--;
}
/* set the root's tag bit */
if (slot && !root_tag_get(root, tag))
root_tag_set(root, tag);
return slot;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_tag_set);
/**
* radix_tree_tag_clear - clear a tag on a radix tree node
* @root: radix tree root
* @index: index key
* @tag: tag index
*
* Clear the search tag (which must be < RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS)
* corresponding to @index in the radix tree. If
* this causes the leaf node to have no tags set then clear the tag in the
* next-to-leaf node, etc.
*
* Returns the address of the tagged item on success, else NULL. ie:
* has the same return value and semantics as radix_tree_lookup().
*/
void *radix_tree_tag_clear(struct radix_tree_root *root,
unsigned long index, unsigned int tag)
{
struct radix_tree_node *node = NULL;
struct radix_tree_node *slot = NULL;
unsigned int height, shift;
int uninitialized_var(offset);
height = root->height;
if (index > radix_tree_maxindex(height))
goto out;
shift = height * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
slot = indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode);
while (shift) {
if (slot == NULL)
goto out;
shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
offset = (index >> shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
node = slot;
slot = slot->slots[offset];
}
if (slot == NULL)
goto out;
while (node) {
if (!tag_get(node, tag, offset))
goto out;
tag_clear(node, tag, offset);
if (any_tag_set(node, tag))
goto out;
index >>= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
offset = index & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
node = node->parent;
}
/* clear the root's tag bit */
if (root_tag_get(root, tag))
root_tag_clear(root, tag);
out:
return slot;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_tag_clear);
/**
* radix_tree_tag_get - get a tag on a radix tree node
* @root: radix tree root
* @index: index key
* @tag: tag index (< RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS)
*
* Return values:
*
* 0: tag not present or not set
* 1: tag set
*
* Note that the return value of this function may not be relied on, even if
* the RCU lock is held, unless tag modification and node deletion are excluded
* from concurrency.
*/
int radix_tree_tag_get(struct radix_tree_root *root,
unsigned long index, unsigned int tag)
{
unsigned int height, shift;
struct radix_tree_node *node;
/* check the root's tag bit */
if (!root_tag_get(root, tag))
return 0;
node = rcu_dereference_raw(root->rnode);
if (node == NULL)
return 0;
if (!radix_tree_is_indirect_ptr(node))
return (index == 0);
node = indirect_to_ptr(node);
height = node->path & RADIX_TREE_HEIGHT_MASK;
if (index > radix_tree_maxindex(height))
return 0;
shift = (height - 1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
for ( ; ; ) {
int offset;
if (node == NULL)
return 0;
offset = (index >> shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
if (!tag_get(node, tag, offset))
return 0;
if (height == 1)
return 1;
node = rcu_dereference_raw(node->slots[offset]);
shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
height--;
}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_tag_get);
/**
* radix_tree_next_chunk - find next chunk of slots for iteration
*
* @root: radix tree root
* @iter: iterator state
* @flags: RADIX_TREE_ITER_* flags and tag index
* Returns: pointer to chunk first slot, or NULL if iteration is over
*/
void **radix_tree_next_chunk(struct radix_tree_root *root,
struct radix_tree_iter *iter, unsigned flags)
{
unsigned shift, tag = flags & RADIX_TREE_ITER_TAG_MASK;
struct radix_tree_node *rnode, *node;
unsigned long index, offset, height;
if ((flags & RADIX_TREE_ITER_TAGGED) && !root_tag_get(root, tag))
return NULL;
/*
* Catch next_index overflow after ~0UL. iter->index never overflows
* during iterating; it can be zero only at the beginning.
* And we cannot overflow iter->next_index in a single step,
* because RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT < BITS_PER_LONG.
*
* This condition also used by radix_tree_next_slot() to stop
* contiguous iterating, and forbid swithing to the next chunk.
*/
index = iter->next_index;
if (!index && iter->index)
return NULL;
rnode = rcu_dereference_raw(root->rnode);
if (radix_tree_is_indirect_ptr(rnode)) {
rnode = indirect_to_ptr(rnode);
} else if (rnode && !index) {
/* Single-slot tree */
iter->index = 0;
iter->next_index = 1;
iter->tags = 1;
return (void **)&root->rnode;
} else
return NULL;
restart:
height = rnode->path & RADIX_TREE_HEIGHT_MASK;
shift = (height - 1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
offset = index >> shift;
/* Index outside of the tree */
if (offset >= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE)
return NULL;
node = rnode;
while (1) {
if ((flags & RADIX_TREE_ITER_TAGGED) ?
!test_bit(offset, node->tags[tag]) :
!node->slots[offset]) {
/* Hole detected */
if (flags & RADIX_TREE_ITER_CONTIG)
return NULL;
if (flags & RADIX_TREE_ITER_TAGGED)
offset = radix_tree_find_next_bit(
node->tags[tag],
RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE,
offset + 1);
else
while (++offset < RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE) {
if (node->slots[offset])
break;
}
index &= ~((RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE << shift) - 1);
index += offset << shift;
/* Overflow after ~0UL */
if (!index)
return NULL;
if (offset == RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE)
goto restart;
}
/* This is leaf-node */
if (!shift)
break;
node = rcu_dereference_raw(node->slots[offset]);
if (node == NULL)
goto restart;
shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
offset = (index >> shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
}
/* Update the iterator state */
iter->index = index;
iter->next_index = (index | RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK) + 1;
/* Construct iter->tags bit-mask from node->tags[tag] array */
if (flags & RADIX_TREE_ITER_TAGGED) {
unsigned tag_long, tag_bit;
tag_long = offset / BITS_PER_LONG;
tag_bit = offset % BITS_PER_LONG;
iter->tags = node->tags[tag][tag_long] >> tag_bit;
/* This never happens if RADIX_TREE_TAG_LONGS == 1 */
if (tag_long < RADIX_TREE_TAG_LONGS - 1) {
/* Pick tags from next element */
if (tag_bit)
iter->tags |= node->tags[tag][tag_long + 1] <<
(BITS_PER_LONG - tag_bit);
/* Clip chunk size, here only BITS_PER_LONG tags */
iter->next_index = index + BITS_PER_LONG;
}
}
return node->slots + offset;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_next_chunk);
/**
* radix_tree_range_tag_if_tagged - for each item in given range set given
* tag if item has another tag set
* @root: radix tree root
* @first_indexp: pointer to a starting index of a range to scan
* @last_index: last index of a range to scan
* @nr_to_tag: maximum number items to tag
* @iftag: tag index to test
* @settag: tag index to set if tested tag is set
*
* This function scans range of radix tree from first_index to last_index
* (inclusive). For each item in the range if iftag is set, the function sets
* also settag. The function stops either after tagging nr_to_tag items or
* after reaching last_index.
*
* The tags must be set from the leaf level only and propagated back up the
* path to the root. We must do this so that we resolve the full path before
* setting any tags on intermediate nodes. If we set tags as we descend, then
* we can get to the leaf node and find that the index that has the iftag
* set is outside the range we are scanning. This reults in dangling tags and
* can lead to problems with later tag operations (e.g. livelocks on lookups).
*
* The function returns number of leaves where the tag was set and sets
* *first_indexp to the first unscanned index.
* WARNING! *first_indexp can wrap if last_index is ULONG_MAX. Caller must
* be prepared to handle that.
*/
unsigned long radix_tree_range_tag_if_tagged(struct radix_tree_root *root,
unsigned long *first_indexp, unsigned long last_index,
unsigned long nr_to_tag,
unsigned int iftag, unsigned int settag)
{
unsigned int height = root->height;
struct radix_tree_node *node = NULL;
struct radix_tree_node *slot;
unsigned int shift;
unsigned long tagged = 0;
unsigned long index = *first_indexp;
last_index = min(last_index, radix_tree_maxindex(height));
if (index > last_index)
return 0;
if (!nr_to_tag)
return 0;
if (!root_tag_get(root, iftag)) {
*first_indexp = last_index + 1;
return 0;
}
if (height == 0) {
*first_indexp = last_index + 1;
root_tag_set(root, settag);
return 1;
}
shift = (height - 1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
slot = indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode);
for (;;) {
unsigned long upindex;
int offset;
offset = (index >> shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
if (!slot->slots[offset])
goto next;
if (!tag_get(slot, iftag, offset))
goto next;
if (shift) {
/* Go down one level */
shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
node = slot;
slot = slot->slots[offset];
continue;
}
/* tag the leaf */
tagged++;
tag_set(slot, settag, offset);
/* walk back up the path tagging interior nodes */
upindex = index;
while (node) {
upindex >>= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
offset = upindex & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
/* stop if we find a node with the tag already set */
if (tag_get(node, settag, offset))
break;
tag_set(node, settag, offset);
node = node->parent;
}
/*
* Small optimization: now clear that node pointer.
* Since all of this slot's ancestors now have the tag set
* from setting it above, we have no further need to walk
* back up the tree setting tags, until we update slot to
* point to another radix_tree_node.
*/
node = NULL;
next:
/* Go to next item at level determined by 'shift' */
index = ((index >> shift) + 1) << shift;
/* Overflow can happen when last_index is ~0UL... */
if (index > last_index || !index)
break;
if (tagged >= nr_to_tag)
break;
while (((index >> shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK) == 0) {
/*
* We've fully scanned this node. Go up. Because
* last_index is guaranteed to be in the tree, what
* we do below cannot wander astray.
*/
slot = slot->parent;
shift += RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
}
}
/*
* We need not to tag the root tag if there is no tag which is set with
* settag within the range from *first_indexp to last_index.
*/
if (tagged > 0)
root_tag_set(root, settag);
*first_indexp = index;
return tagged;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_range_tag_if_tagged);
/**
* radix_tree_gang_lookup - perform multiple lookup on a radix tree
* @root: radix tree root
* @results: where the results of the lookup are placed
* @first_index: start the lookup from this key
* @max_items: place up to this many items at *results
*
* Performs an index-ascending scan of the tree for present items. Places
* them at *@results and returns the number of items which were placed at
* *@results.
*
* The implementation is naive.
*
* Like radix_tree_lookup, radix_tree_gang_lookup may be called under
* rcu_read_lock. In this case, rather than the returned results being
* an atomic snapshot of the tree at a single point in time, the semantics
* of an RCU protected gang lookup are as though multiple radix_tree_lookups
* have been issued in individual locks, and results stored in 'results'.
*/
unsigned int
radix_tree_gang_lookup(struct radix_tree_root *root, void **results,
unsigned long first_index, unsigned int max_items)
{
struct radix_tree_iter iter;
void **slot;
unsigned int ret = 0;
if (unlikely(!max_items))
return 0;
radix_tree_for_each_slot(slot, root, &iter, first_index) {
results[ret] = indirect_to_ptr(rcu_dereference_raw(*slot));
if (!results[ret])
continue;
if (++ret == max_items)
break;
}
return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_gang_lookup);
/**
* radix_tree_gang_lookup_slot - perform multiple slot lookup on radix tree
* @root: radix tree root
* @results: where the results of the lookup are placed
* @indices: where their indices should be placed (but usually NULL)
* @first_index: start the lookup from this key
* @max_items: place up to this many items at *results
*
* Performs an index-ascending scan of the tree for present items. Places
* their slots at *@results and returns the number of items which were
* placed at *@results.
*
* The implementation is naive.
*
* Like radix_tree_gang_lookup as far as RCU and locking goes. Slots must
* be dereferenced with radix_tree_deref_slot, and if using only RCU
* protection, radix_tree_deref_slot may fail requiring a retry.
*/
unsigned int
radix_tree_gang_lookup_slot(struct radix_tree_root *root,
void ***results, unsigned long *indices,
unsigned long first_index, unsigned int max_items)
{
struct radix_tree_iter iter;
void **slot;
unsigned int ret = 0;
if (unlikely(!max_items))
return 0;
radix_tree_for_each_slot(slot, root, &iter, first_index) {
results[ret] = slot;
if (indices)
indices[ret] = iter.index;
if (++ret == max_items)
break;
}
return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_gang_lookup_slot);
/**
* radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag - perform multiple lookup on a radix tree
* based on a tag
* @root: radix tree root
* @results: where the results of the lookup are placed
* @first_index: start the lookup from this key
* @max_items: place up to this many items at *results
* @tag: the tag index (< RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS)
*
* Performs an index-ascending scan of the tree for present items which
* have the tag indexed by @tag set. Places the items at *@results and
* returns the number of items which were placed at *@results.
*/
unsigned int
radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag(struct radix_tree_root *root, void **results,
unsigned long first_index, unsigned int max_items,
unsigned int tag)
{
struct radix_tree_iter iter;
void **slot;
unsigned int ret = 0;
if (unlikely(!max_items))
return 0;
radix_tree_for_each_tagged(slot, root, &iter, first_index, tag) {
results[ret] = indirect_to_ptr(rcu_dereference_raw(*slot));
if (!results[ret])
continue;
if (++ret == max_items)
break;
}
return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag);
/**
* radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag_slot - perform multiple slot lookup on a
* radix tree based on a tag
* @root: radix tree root
* @results: where the results of the lookup are placed
* @first_index: start the lookup from this key
* @max_items: place up to this many items at *results
* @tag: the tag index (< RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS)
*
* Performs an index-ascending scan of the tree for present items which
* have the tag indexed by @tag set. Places the slots at *@results and
* returns the number of slots which were placed at *@results.
*/
unsigned int
radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag_slot(struct radix_tree_root *root, void ***results,
unsigned long first_index, unsigned int max_items,
unsigned int tag)
{
struct radix_tree_iter iter;
void **slot;
unsigned int ret = 0;
if (unlikely(!max_items))
return 0;
radix_tree_for_each_tagged(slot, root, &iter, first_index, tag) {
results[ret] = slot;
if (++ret == max_items)
break;
}
return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_gang_lookup_tag_slot);
#if defined(CONFIG_SHMEM) && defined(CONFIG_SWAP)
#include <linux/sched.h> /* for cond_resched() */
/*
* This linear search is at present only useful to shmem_unuse_inode().
*/
static unsigned long __locate(struct radix_tree_node *slot, void *item,
unsigned long index, unsigned long *found_index)
{
unsigned int shift, height;
unsigned long i;
height = slot->path & RADIX_TREE_HEIGHT_MASK;
shift = (height-1) * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
for ( ; height > 1; height--) {
i = (index >> shift) & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
for (;;) {
if (slot->slots[i] != NULL)
break;
index &= ~((1UL << shift) - 1);
index += 1UL << shift;
if (index == 0)
goto out; /* 32-bit wraparound */
i++;
if (i == RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE)
goto out;
}
shift -= RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
slot = rcu_dereference_raw(slot->slots[i]);
if (slot == NULL)
goto out;
}
/* Bottom level: check items */
for (i = 0; i < RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE; i++) {
if (slot->slots[i] == item) {
*found_index = index + i;
index = 0;
goto out;
}
}
index += RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE;
out:
return index;
}
/**
* radix_tree_locate_item - search through radix tree for item
* @root: radix tree root
* @item: item to be found
*
* Returns index where item was found, or -1 if not found.
* Caller must hold no lock (since this time-consuming function needs
* to be preemptible), and must check afterwards if item is still there.
*/
unsigned long radix_tree_locate_item(struct radix_tree_root *root, void *item)
{
struct radix_tree_node *node;
unsigned long max_index;
unsigned long cur_index = 0;
unsigned long found_index = -1;
do {
rcu_read_lock();
node = rcu_dereference_raw(root->rnode);
if (!radix_tree_is_indirect_ptr(node)) {
rcu_read_unlock();
if (node == item)
found_index = 0;
break;
}
node = indirect_to_ptr(node);
max_index = radix_tree_maxindex(node->path &
RADIX_TREE_HEIGHT_MASK);
if (cur_index > max_index) {
rcu_read_unlock();
break;
}
cur_index = __locate(node, item, cur_index, &found_index);
rcu_read_unlock();
cond_resched();
} while (cur_index != 0 && cur_index <= max_index);
return found_index;
}
#else
unsigned long radix_tree_locate_item(struct radix_tree_root *root, void *item)
{
return -1;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SHMEM && CONFIG_SWAP */
/**
* radix_tree_shrink - shrink height of a radix tree to minimal
* @root radix tree root
*/
static inline void radix_tree_shrink(struct radix_tree_root *root)
{
/* try to shrink tree height */
while (root->height > 0) {
struct radix_tree_node *to_free = root->rnode;
struct radix_tree_node *slot;
BUG_ON(!radix_tree_is_indirect_ptr(to_free));
to_free = indirect_to_ptr(to_free);
/*
* The candidate node has more than one child, or its child
* is not at the leftmost slot, we cannot shrink.
*/
if (to_free->count != 1)
break;
if (!to_free->slots[0])
break;
/*
* We don't need rcu_assign_pointer(), since we are simply
* moving the node from one part of the tree to another: if it
* was safe to dereference the old pointer to it
* (to_free->slots[0]), it will be safe to dereference the new
* one (root->rnode) as far as dependent read barriers go.
*/
slot = to_free->slots[0];
if (root->height > 1) {
slot->parent = NULL;
slot = ptr_to_indirect(slot);
}
root->rnode = slot;
root->height--;
/*
* We have a dilemma here. The node's slot[0] must not be
* NULLed in case there are concurrent lookups expecting to
* find the item. However if this was a bottom-level node,
* then it may be subject to the slot pointer being visible
* to callers dereferencing it. If item corresponding to
* slot[0] is subsequently deleted, these callers would expect
* their slot to become empty sooner or later.
*
* For example, lockless pagecache will look up a slot, deref
* the page pointer, and if the page is 0 refcount it means it
* was concurrently deleted from pagecache so try the deref
* again. Fortunately there is already a requirement for logic
* to retry the entire slot lookup -- the indirect pointer
* problem (replacing direct root node with an indirect pointer
* also results in a stale slot). So tag the slot as indirect
* to force callers to retry.
*/
if (root->height == 0)
*((unsigned long *)&to_free->slots[0]) |=
RADIX_TREE_INDIRECT_PTR;
radix_tree_node_free(to_free);
}
}
/**
* __radix_tree_delete_node - try to free node after clearing a slot
* @root: radix tree root
* @index: index key
* @node: node containing @index
*
* After clearing the slot at @index in @node from radix tree
* rooted at @root, call this function to attempt freeing the
* node and shrinking the tree.
*
* Returns %true if @node was freed, %false otherwise.
*/
bool __radix_tree_delete_node(struct radix_tree_root *root,
struct radix_tree_node *node)
{
bool deleted = false;
do {
struct radix_tree_node *parent;
if (node->count) {
if (node == indirect_to_ptr(root->rnode)) {
radix_tree_shrink(root);
if (root->height == 0)
deleted = true;
}
return deleted;
}
parent = node->parent;
if (parent) {
unsigned int offset;
offset = node->path >> RADIX_TREE_HEIGHT_SHIFT;
parent->slots[offset] = NULL;
parent->count--;
} else {
root_tag_clear_all(root);
root->height = 0;
root->rnode = NULL;
}
radix_tree_node_free(node);
deleted = true;
node = parent;
} while (node);
return deleted;
}
/**
* radix_tree_delete_item - delete an item from a radix tree
* @root: radix tree root
* @index: index key
* @item: expected item
*
* Remove @item at @index from the radix tree rooted at @root.
*
* Returns the address of the deleted item, or NULL if it was not present
* or the entry at the given @index was not @item.
*/
void *radix_tree_delete_item(struct radix_tree_root *root,
unsigned long index, void *item)
{
struct radix_tree_node *node;
unsigned int offset;
void **slot;
void *entry;
int tag;
entry = __radix_tree_lookup(root, index, &node, &slot);
if (!entry)
return NULL;
if (item && entry != item)
return NULL;
if (!node) {
root_tag_clear_all(root);
root->rnode = NULL;
return entry;
}
offset = index & RADIX_TREE_MAP_MASK;
/*
* Clear all tags associated with the item to be deleted.
* This way of doing it would be inefficient, but seldom is any set.
*/
for (tag = 0; tag < RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS; tag++) {
if (tag_get(node, tag, offset))
radix_tree_tag_clear(root, index, tag);
}
node->slots[offset] = NULL;
node->count--;
__radix_tree_delete_node(root, node);
return entry;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_delete_item);
/**
* radix_tree_delete - delete an item from a radix tree
* @root: radix tree root
* @index: index key
*
* Remove the item at @index from the radix tree rooted at @root.
*
* Returns the address of the deleted item, or NULL if it was not present.
*/
void *radix_tree_delete(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned long index)
{
return radix_tree_delete_item(root, index, NULL);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_delete);
/**
* radix_tree_tagged - test whether any items in the tree are tagged
* @root: radix tree root
* @tag: tag to test
*/
int radix_tree_tagged(struct radix_tree_root *root, unsigned int tag)
{
return root_tag_get(root, tag);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(radix_tree_tagged);
static void
radix_tree_node_ctor(void *arg)
{
struct radix_tree_node *node = arg;
memset(node, 0, sizeof(*node));
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&node->private_list);
}
static __init unsigned long __maxindex(unsigned int height)
{
unsigned int width = height * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SHIFT;
int shift = RADIX_TREE_INDEX_BITS - width;
if (shift < 0)
return ~0UL;
if (shift >= BITS_PER_LONG)
return 0UL;
return ~0UL >> shift;
}
static __init void radix_tree_init_maxindex(void)
{
unsigned int i;
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(height_to_maxindex); i++)
height_to_maxindex[i] = __maxindex(i);
}
static int radix_tree_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb,
unsigned long action,
void *hcpu)
{
int cpu = (long)hcpu;
struct radix_tree_preload *rtp;
/* Free per-cpu pool of perloaded nodes */
if (action == CPU_DEAD || action == CPU_DEAD_FROZEN) {
rtp = &per_cpu(radix_tree_preloads, cpu);
while (rtp->nr) {
kmem_cache_free(radix_tree_node_cachep,
rtp->nodes[rtp->nr-1]);
rtp->nodes[rtp->nr-1] = NULL;
rtp->nr--;
}
}
return NOTIFY_OK;
}
void __init radix_tree_init(void)
{
radix_tree_node_cachep = kmem_cache_create("radix_tree_node",
sizeof(struct radix_tree_node), 0,
SLAB_PANIC | SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT,
radix_tree_node_ctor);
radix_tree_init_maxindex();
hotcpu_notifier(radix_tree_callback, 0);
}