kernel-ark/mm/compaction.c
Mel Gorman c67fe3752a mm: compaction: Abort async compaction if locks are contended or taking too long
Jim Schutt reported a problem that pointed at compaction contending
heavily on locks.  The workload is straight-forward and in his own words;

	The systems in question have 24 SAS drives spread across 3 HBAs,
	running 24 Ceph OSD instances, one per drive.  FWIW these servers
	are dual-socket Intel 5675 Xeons w/48 GB memory.  I've got ~160
	Ceph Linux clients doing dd simultaneously to a Ceph file system
	backed by 12 of these servers.

Early in the test everything looks fine

  procs -------------------memory------------------ ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-------
   r  b       swpd       free       buff      cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs  us sy  id wa st
  31 15          0     287216        576   38606628    0    0     2  1158    2   14   1  3  95  0  0
  27 15          0     225288        576   38583384    0    0    18 2222016 203357 134876  11 56  17 15  0
  28 17          0     219256        576   38544736    0    0    11 2305932 203141 146296  11 49  23 17  0
   6 18          0     215596        576   38552872    0    0     7 2363207 215264 166502  12 45  22 20  0
  22 18          0     226984        576   38596404    0    0     3 2445741 223114 179527  12 43  23 22  0

and then it goes to pot

  procs -------------------memory------------------ ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-------
   r  b       swpd       free       buff      cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs  us sy  id wa st
  163  8          0     464308        576   36791368    0    0    11 22210  866  536   3 13  79  4  0
  207 14          0     917752        576   36181928    0    0   712 1345376 134598 47367   7 90   1  2  0
  123 12          0     685516        576   36296148    0    0   429 1386615 158494 60077   8 84   5  3  0
  123 12          0     598572        576   36333728    0    0  1107 1233281 147542 62351   7 84   5  4  0
  622  7          0     660768        576   36118264    0    0   557 1345548 151394 59353   7 85   4  3  0
  223 11          0     283960        576   36463868    0    0    46 1107160 121846 33006   6 93   1  1  0

Note that system CPU usage is very high blocks being written out has
dropped by 42%. He analysed this with perf and found

  perf record -g -a sleep 10
  perf report --sort symbol --call-graph fractal,5
    34.63%  [k] _raw_spin_lock_irqsave
            |
            |--97.30%-- isolate_freepages
            |          compaction_alloc
            |          unmap_and_move
            |          migrate_pages
            |          compact_zone
            |          compact_zone_order
            |          try_to_compact_pages
            |          __alloc_pages_direct_compact
            |          __alloc_pages_slowpath
            |          __alloc_pages_nodemask
            |          alloc_pages_vma
            |          do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
            |          handle_mm_fault
            |          do_page_fault
            |          page_fault
            |          |
            |          |--87.39%-- skb_copy_datagram_iovec
            |          |          tcp_recvmsg
            |          |          inet_recvmsg
            |          |          sock_recvmsg
            |          |          sys_recvfrom
            |          |          system_call
            |          |          __recv
            |          |          |
            |          |           --100.00%-- (nil)
            |          |
            |           --12.61%-- memcpy
             --2.70%-- [...]

There was other data but primarily it is all showing that compaction is
contended heavily on the zone->lock and zone->lru_lock.

commit [b2eef8c0: mm: compaction: minimise the time IRQs are disabled
while isolating pages for migration] noted that it was possible for
migration to hold the lru_lock for an excessive amount of time. Very
broadly speaking this patch expands the concept.

This patch introduces compact_checklock_irqsave() to check if a lock
is contended or the process needs to be scheduled. If either condition
is true then async compaction is aborted and the caller is informed.
The page allocator will fail a THP allocation if compaction failed due
to contention. This patch also introduces compact_trylock_irqsave()
which will acquire the lock only if it is not contended and the process
does not need to schedule.

Reported-by: Jim Schutt <jaschut@sandia.gov>
Tested-by: Jim Schutt <jaschut@sandia.gov>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-08-21 16:45:03 -07:00

1023 lines
27 KiB
C

/*
* linux/mm/compaction.c
*
* Memory compaction for the reduction of external fragmentation. Note that
* this heavily depends upon page migration to do all the real heavy
* lifting
*
* Copyright IBM Corp. 2007-2010 Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
*/
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/migrate.h>
#include <linux/compaction.h>
#include <linux/mm_inline.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/sysfs.h>
#include "internal.h"
#if defined CONFIG_COMPACTION || defined CONFIG_CMA
#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/compaction.h>
static unsigned long release_freepages(struct list_head *freelist)
{
struct page *page, *next;
unsigned long count = 0;
list_for_each_entry_safe(page, next, freelist, lru) {
list_del(&page->lru);
__free_page(page);
count++;
}
return count;
}
static void map_pages(struct list_head *list)
{
struct page *page;
list_for_each_entry(page, list, lru) {
arch_alloc_page(page, 0);
kernel_map_pages(page, 1, 1);
}
}
static inline bool migrate_async_suitable(int migratetype)
{
return is_migrate_cma(migratetype) || migratetype == MIGRATE_MOVABLE;
}
/*
* Compaction requires the taking of some coarse locks that are potentially
* very heavily contended. Check if the process needs to be scheduled or
* if the lock is contended. For async compaction, back out in the event
* if contention is severe. For sync compaction, schedule.
*
* Returns true if the lock is held.
* Returns false if the lock is released and compaction should abort
*/
static bool compact_checklock_irqsave(spinlock_t *lock, unsigned long *flags,
bool locked, struct compact_control *cc)
{
if (need_resched() || spin_is_contended(lock)) {
if (locked) {
spin_unlock_irqrestore(lock, *flags);
locked = false;
}
/* async aborts if taking too long or contended */
if (!cc->sync) {
if (cc->contended)
*cc->contended = true;
return false;
}
cond_resched();
if (fatal_signal_pending(current))
return false;
}
if (!locked)
spin_lock_irqsave(lock, *flags);
return true;
}
static inline bool compact_trylock_irqsave(spinlock_t *lock,
unsigned long *flags, struct compact_control *cc)
{
return compact_checklock_irqsave(lock, flags, false, cc);
}
/*
* Isolate free pages onto a private freelist. Caller must hold zone->lock.
* If @strict is true, will abort returning 0 on any invalid PFNs or non-free
* pages inside of the pageblock (even though it may still end up isolating
* some pages).
*/
static unsigned long isolate_freepages_block(unsigned long blockpfn,
unsigned long end_pfn,
struct list_head *freelist,
bool strict)
{
int nr_scanned = 0, total_isolated = 0;
struct page *cursor;
cursor = pfn_to_page(blockpfn);
/* Isolate free pages. This assumes the block is valid */
for (; blockpfn < end_pfn; blockpfn++, cursor++) {
int isolated, i;
struct page *page = cursor;
if (!pfn_valid_within(blockpfn)) {
if (strict)
return 0;
continue;
}
nr_scanned++;
if (!PageBuddy(page)) {
if (strict)
return 0;
continue;
}
/* Found a free page, break it into order-0 pages */
isolated = split_free_page(page);
if (!isolated && strict)
return 0;
total_isolated += isolated;
for (i = 0; i < isolated; i++) {
list_add(&page->lru, freelist);
page++;
}
/* If a page was split, advance to the end of it */
if (isolated) {
blockpfn += isolated - 1;
cursor += isolated - 1;
}
}
trace_mm_compaction_isolate_freepages(nr_scanned, total_isolated);
return total_isolated;
}
/**
* isolate_freepages_range() - isolate free pages.
* @start_pfn: The first PFN to start isolating.
* @end_pfn: The one-past-last PFN.
*
* Non-free pages, invalid PFNs, or zone boundaries within the
* [start_pfn, end_pfn) range are considered errors, cause function to
* undo its actions and return zero.
*
* Otherwise, function returns one-past-the-last PFN of isolated page
* (which may be greater then end_pfn if end fell in a middle of
* a free page).
*/
unsigned long
isolate_freepages_range(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
{
unsigned long isolated, pfn, block_end_pfn, flags;
struct zone *zone = NULL;
LIST_HEAD(freelist);
if (pfn_valid(start_pfn))
zone = page_zone(pfn_to_page(start_pfn));
for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < end_pfn; pfn += isolated) {
if (!pfn_valid(pfn) || zone != page_zone(pfn_to_page(pfn)))
break;
/*
* On subsequent iterations ALIGN() is actually not needed,
* but we keep it that we not to complicate the code.
*/
block_end_pfn = ALIGN(pfn + 1, pageblock_nr_pages);
block_end_pfn = min(block_end_pfn, end_pfn);
spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
isolated = isolate_freepages_block(pfn, block_end_pfn,
&freelist, true);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
/*
* In strict mode, isolate_freepages_block() returns 0 if
* there are any holes in the block (ie. invalid PFNs or
* non-free pages).
*/
if (!isolated)
break;
/*
* If we managed to isolate pages, it is always (1 << n) *
* pageblock_nr_pages for some non-negative n. (Max order
* page may span two pageblocks).
*/
}
/* split_free_page does not map the pages */
map_pages(&freelist);
if (pfn < end_pfn) {
/* Loop terminated early, cleanup. */
release_freepages(&freelist);
return 0;
}
/* We don't use freelists for anything. */
return pfn;
}
/* Update the number of anon and file isolated pages in the zone */
static void acct_isolated(struct zone *zone, bool locked, struct compact_control *cc)
{
struct page *page;
unsigned int count[2] = { 0, };
list_for_each_entry(page, &cc->migratepages, lru)
count[!!page_is_file_cache(page)]++;
/* If locked we can use the interrupt unsafe versions */
if (locked) {
__mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_ISOLATED_ANON, count[0]);
__mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_ISOLATED_FILE, count[1]);
} else {
mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_ISOLATED_ANON, count[0]);
mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_ISOLATED_FILE, count[1]);
}
}
/* Similar to reclaim, but different enough that they don't share logic */
static bool too_many_isolated(struct zone *zone)
{
unsigned long active, inactive, isolated;
inactive = zone_page_state(zone, NR_INACTIVE_FILE) +
zone_page_state(zone, NR_INACTIVE_ANON);
active = zone_page_state(zone, NR_ACTIVE_FILE) +
zone_page_state(zone, NR_ACTIVE_ANON);
isolated = zone_page_state(zone, NR_ISOLATED_FILE) +
zone_page_state(zone, NR_ISOLATED_ANON);
return isolated > (inactive + active) / 2;
}
/**
* isolate_migratepages_range() - isolate all migrate-able pages in range.
* @zone: Zone pages are in.
* @cc: Compaction control structure.
* @low_pfn: The first PFN of the range.
* @end_pfn: The one-past-the-last PFN of the range.
*
* Isolate all pages that can be migrated from the range specified by
* [low_pfn, end_pfn). Returns zero if there is a fatal signal
* pending), otherwise PFN of the first page that was not scanned
* (which may be both less, equal to or more then end_pfn).
*
* Assumes that cc->migratepages is empty and cc->nr_migratepages is
* zero.
*
* Apart from cc->migratepages and cc->nr_migratetypes this function
* does not modify any cc's fields, in particular it does not modify
* (or read for that matter) cc->migrate_pfn.
*/
unsigned long
isolate_migratepages_range(struct zone *zone, struct compact_control *cc,
unsigned long low_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
{
unsigned long last_pageblock_nr = 0, pageblock_nr;
unsigned long nr_scanned = 0, nr_isolated = 0;
struct list_head *migratelist = &cc->migratepages;
isolate_mode_t mode = 0;
struct lruvec *lruvec;
unsigned long flags;
bool locked;
/*
* Ensure that there are not too many pages isolated from the LRU
* list by either parallel reclaimers or compaction. If there are,
* delay for some time until fewer pages are isolated
*/
while (unlikely(too_many_isolated(zone))) {
/* async migration should just abort */
if (!cc->sync)
return 0;
congestion_wait(BLK_RW_ASYNC, HZ/10);
if (fatal_signal_pending(current))
return 0;
}
/* Time to isolate some pages for migration */
cond_resched();
spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
locked = true;
for (; low_pfn < end_pfn; low_pfn++) {
struct page *page;
/* give a chance to irqs before checking need_resched() */
if (!((low_pfn+1) % SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX)) {
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
locked = false;
}
/* Check if it is ok to still hold the lock */
locked = compact_checklock_irqsave(&zone->lru_lock, &flags,
locked, cc);
if (!locked)
break;
/*
* migrate_pfn does not necessarily start aligned to a
* pageblock. Ensure that pfn_valid is called when moving
* into a new MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES range in case of large
* memory holes within the zone
*/
if ((low_pfn & (MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES - 1)) == 0) {
if (!pfn_valid(low_pfn)) {
low_pfn += MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES - 1;
continue;
}
}
if (!pfn_valid_within(low_pfn))
continue;
nr_scanned++;
/*
* Get the page and ensure the page is within the same zone.
* See the comment in isolate_freepages about overlapping
* nodes. It is deliberate that the new zone lock is not taken
* as memory compaction should not move pages between nodes.
*/
page = pfn_to_page(low_pfn);
if (page_zone(page) != zone)
continue;
/* Skip if free */
if (PageBuddy(page))
continue;
/*
* For async migration, also only scan in MOVABLE blocks. Async
* migration is optimistic to see if the minimum amount of work
* satisfies the allocation
*/
pageblock_nr = low_pfn >> pageblock_order;
if (!cc->sync && last_pageblock_nr != pageblock_nr &&
!migrate_async_suitable(get_pageblock_migratetype(page))) {
low_pfn += pageblock_nr_pages;
low_pfn = ALIGN(low_pfn, pageblock_nr_pages) - 1;
last_pageblock_nr = pageblock_nr;
continue;
}
if (!PageLRU(page))
continue;
/*
* PageLRU is set, and lru_lock excludes isolation,
* splitting and collapsing (collapsing has already
* happened if PageLRU is set).
*/
if (PageTransHuge(page)) {
low_pfn += (1 << compound_order(page)) - 1;
continue;
}
if (!cc->sync)
mode |= ISOLATE_ASYNC_MIGRATE;
lruvec = mem_cgroup_page_lruvec(page, zone);
/* Try isolate the page */
if (__isolate_lru_page(page, mode) != 0)
continue;
VM_BUG_ON(PageTransCompound(page));
/* Successfully isolated */
del_page_from_lru_list(page, lruvec, page_lru(page));
list_add(&page->lru, migratelist);
cc->nr_migratepages++;
nr_isolated++;
/* Avoid isolating too much */
if (cc->nr_migratepages == COMPACT_CLUSTER_MAX) {
++low_pfn;
break;
}
}
acct_isolated(zone, locked, cc);
if (locked)
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
trace_mm_compaction_isolate_migratepages(nr_scanned, nr_isolated);
return low_pfn;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_COMPACTION || CONFIG_CMA */
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
/* Returns true if the page is within a block suitable for migration to */
static bool suitable_migration_target(struct page *page)
{
int migratetype = get_pageblock_migratetype(page);
/* Don't interfere with memory hot-remove or the min_free_kbytes blocks */
if (migratetype == MIGRATE_ISOLATE || migratetype == MIGRATE_RESERVE)
return false;
/* If the page is a large free page, then allow migration */
if (PageBuddy(page) && page_order(page) >= pageblock_order)
return true;
/* If the block is MIGRATE_MOVABLE or MIGRATE_CMA, allow migration */
if (migrate_async_suitable(migratetype))
return true;
/* Otherwise skip the block */
return false;
}
/*
* Returns the start pfn of the last page block in a zone. This is the starting
* point for full compaction of a zone. Compaction searches for free pages from
* the end of each zone, while isolate_freepages_block scans forward inside each
* page block.
*/
static unsigned long start_free_pfn(struct zone *zone)
{
unsigned long free_pfn;
free_pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn + zone->spanned_pages;
free_pfn &= ~(pageblock_nr_pages-1);
return free_pfn;
}
/*
* Based on information in the current compact_control, find blocks
* suitable for isolating free pages from and then isolate them.
*/
static void isolate_freepages(struct zone *zone,
struct compact_control *cc)
{
struct page *page;
unsigned long high_pfn, low_pfn, pfn, zone_end_pfn, end_pfn;
unsigned long flags;
int nr_freepages = cc->nr_freepages;
struct list_head *freelist = &cc->freepages;
/*
* Initialise the free scanner. The starting point is where we last
* scanned from (or the end of the zone if starting). The low point
* is the end of the pageblock the migration scanner is using.
*/
pfn = cc->free_pfn;
low_pfn = cc->migrate_pfn + pageblock_nr_pages;
/*
* Take care that if the migration scanner is at the end of the zone
* that the free scanner does not accidentally move to the next zone
* in the next isolation cycle.
*/
high_pfn = min(low_pfn, pfn);
zone_end_pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn + zone->spanned_pages;
/*
* Isolate free pages until enough are available to migrate the
* pages on cc->migratepages. We stop searching if the migrate
* and free page scanners meet or enough free pages are isolated.
*/
for (; pfn > low_pfn && cc->nr_migratepages > nr_freepages;
pfn -= pageblock_nr_pages) {
unsigned long isolated;
if (!pfn_valid(pfn))
continue;
/*
* Check for overlapping nodes/zones. It's possible on some
* configurations to have a setup like
* node0 node1 node0
* i.e. it's possible that all pages within a zones range of
* pages do not belong to a single zone.
*/
page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
if (page_zone(page) != zone)
continue;
/* Check the block is suitable for migration */
if (!suitable_migration_target(page))
continue;
/*
* Found a block suitable for isolating free pages from. Now
* we disabled interrupts, double check things are ok and
* isolate the pages. This is to minimise the time IRQs
* are disabled
*/
isolated = 0;
/*
* The zone lock must be held to isolate freepages. This
* unfortunately this is a very coarse lock and can be
* heavily contended if there are parallel allocations
* or parallel compactions. For async compaction do not
* spin on the lock
*/
if (!compact_trylock_irqsave(&zone->lock, &flags, cc))
break;
if (suitable_migration_target(page)) {
end_pfn = min(pfn + pageblock_nr_pages, zone_end_pfn);
isolated = isolate_freepages_block(pfn, end_pfn,
freelist, false);
nr_freepages += isolated;
}
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
/*
* Record the highest PFN we isolated pages from. When next
* looking for free pages, the search will restart here as
* page migration may have returned some pages to the allocator
*/
if (isolated) {
high_pfn = max(high_pfn, pfn);
/*
* If the free scanner has wrapped, update
* compact_cached_free_pfn to point to the highest
* pageblock with free pages. This reduces excessive
* scanning of full pageblocks near the end of the
* zone
*/
if (cc->order > 0 && cc->wrapped)
zone->compact_cached_free_pfn = high_pfn;
}
}
/* split_free_page does not map the pages */
map_pages(freelist);
cc->free_pfn = high_pfn;
cc->nr_freepages = nr_freepages;
/* If compact_cached_free_pfn is reset then set it now */
if (cc->order > 0 && !cc->wrapped &&
zone->compact_cached_free_pfn == start_free_pfn(zone))
zone->compact_cached_free_pfn = high_pfn;
}
/*
* This is a migrate-callback that "allocates" freepages by taking pages
* from the isolated freelists in the block we are migrating to.
*/
static struct page *compaction_alloc(struct page *migratepage,
unsigned long data,
int **result)
{
struct compact_control *cc = (struct compact_control *)data;
struct page *freepage;
/* Isolate free pages if necessary */
if (list_empty(&cc->freepages)) {
isolate_freepages(cc->zone, cc);
if (list_empty(&cc->freepages))
return NULL;
}
freepage = list_entry(cc->freepages.next, struct page, lru);
list_del(&freepage->lru);
cc->nr_freepages--;
return freepage;
}
/*
* We cannot control nr_migratepages and nr_freepages fully when migration is
* running as migrate_pages() has no knowledge of compact_control. When
* migration is complete, we count the number of pages on the lists by hand.
*/
static void update_nr_listpages(struct compact_control *cc)
{
int nr_migratepages = 0;
int nr_freepages = 0;
struct page *page;
list_for_each_entry(page, &cc->migratepages, lru)
nr_migratepages++;
list_for_each_entry(page, &cc->freepages, lru)
nr_freepages++;
cc->nr_migratepages = nr_migratepages;
cc->nr_freepages = nr_freepages;
}
/* possible outcome of isolate_migratepages */
typedef enum {
ISOLATE_ABORT, /* Abort compaction now */
ISOLATE_NONE, /* No pages isolated, continue scanning */
ISOLATE_SUCCESS, /* Pages isolated, migrate */
} isolate_migrate_t;
/*
* Isolate all pages that can be migrated from the block pointed to by
* the migrate scanner within compact_control.
*/
static isolate_migrate_t isolate_migratepages(struct zone *zone,
struct compact_control *cc)
{
unsigned long low_pfn, end_pfn;
/* Do not scan outside zone boundaries */
low_pfn = max(cc->migrate_pfn, zone->zone_start_pfn);
/* Only scan within a pageblock boundary */
end_pfn = ALIGN(low_pfn + pageblock_nr_pages, pageblock_nr_pages);
/* Do not cross the free scanner or scan within a memory hole */
if (end_pfn > cc->free_pfn || !pfn_valid(low_pfn)) {
cc->migrate_pfn = end_pfn;
return ISOLATE_NONE;
}
/* Perform the isolation */
low_pfn = isolate_migratepages_range(zone, cc, low_pfn, end_pfn);
if (!low_pfn)
return ISOLATE_ABORT;
cc->migrate_pfn = low_pfn;
return ISOLATE_SUCCESS;
}
static int compact_finished(struct zone *zone,
struct compact_control *cc)
{
unsigned int order;
unsigned long watermark;
if (fatal_signal_pending(current))
return COMPACT_PARTIAL;
/*
* A full (order == -1) compaction run starts at the beginning and
* end of a zone; it completes when the migrate and free scanner meet.
* A partial (order > 0) compaction can start with the free scanner
* at a random point in the zone, and may have to restart.
*/
if (cc->free_pfn <= cc->migrate_pfn) {
if (cc->order > 0 && !cc->wrapped) {
/* We started partway through; restart at the end. */
unsigned long free_pfn = start_free_pfn(zone);
zone->compact_cached_free_pfn = free_pfn;
cc->free_pfn = free_pfn;
cc->wrapped = 1;
return COMPACT_CONTINUE;
}
return COMPACT_COMPLETE;
}
/* We wrapped around and ended up where we started. */
if (cc->wrapped && cc->free_pfn <= cc->start_free_pfn)
return COMPACT_COMPLETE;
/*
* order == -1 is expected when compacting via
* /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory
*/
if (cc->order == -1)
return COMPACT_CONTINUE;
/* Compaction run is not finished if the watermark is not met */
watermark = low_wmark_pages(zone);
watermark += (1 << cc->order);
if (!zone_watermark_ok(zone, cc->order, watermark, 0, 0))
return COMPACT_CONTINUE;
/* Direct compactor: Is a suitable page free? */
for (order = cc->order; order < MAX_ORDER; order++) {
/* Job done if page is free of the right migratetype */
if (!list_empty(&zone->free_area[order].free_list[cc->migratetype]))
return COMPACT_PARTIAL;
/* Job done if allocation would set block type */
if (order >= pageblock_order && zone->free_area[order].nr_free)
return COMPACT_PARTIAL;
}
return COMPACT_CONTINUE;
}
/*
* compaction_suitable: Is this suitable to run compaction on this zone now?
* Returns
* COMPACT_SKIPPED - If there are too few free pages for compaction
* COMPACT_PARTIAL - If the allocation would succeed without compaction
* COMPACT_CONTINUE - If compaction should run now
*/
unsigned long compaction_suitable(struct zone *zone, int order)
{
int fragindex;
unsigned long watermark;
/*
* order == -1 is expected when compacting via
* /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory
*/
if (order == -1)
return COMPACT_CONTINUE;
/*
* Watermarks for order-0 must be met for compaction. Note the 2UL.
* This is because during migration, copies of pages need to be
* allocated and for a short time, the footprint is higher
*/
watermark = low_wmark_pages(zone) + (2UL << order);
if (!zone_watermark_ok(zone, 0, watermark, 0, 0))
return COMPACT_SKIPPED;
/*
* fragmentation index determines if allocation failures are due to
* low memory or external fragmentation
*
* index of -1000 implies allocations might succeed depending on
* watermarks
* index towards 0 implies failure is due to lack of memory
* index towards 1000 implies failure is due to fragmentation
*
* Only compact if a failure would be due to fragmentation.
*/
fragindex = fragmentation_index(zone, order);
if (fragindex >= 0 && fragindex <= sysctl_extfrag_threshold)
return COMPACT_SKIPPED;
if (fragindex == -1000 && zone_watermark_ok(zone, order, watermark,
0, 0))
return COMPACT_PARTIAL;
return COMPACT_CONTINUE;
}
static int compact_zone(struct zone *zone, struct compact_control *cc)
{
int ret;
ret = compaction_suitable(zone, cc->order);
switch (ret) {
case COMPACT_PARTIAL:
case COMPACT_SKIPPED:
/* Compaction is likely to fail */
return ret;
case COMPACT_CONTINUE:
/* Fall through to compaction */
;
}
/* Setup to move all movable pages to the end of the zone */
cc->migrate_pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn;
if (cc->order > 0) {
/* Incremental compaction. Start where the last one stopped. */
cc->free_pfn = zone->compact_cached_free_pfn;
cc->start_free_pfn = cc->free_pfn;
} else {
/* Order == -1 starts at the end of the zone. */
cc->free_pfn = start_free_pfn(zone);
}
migrate_prep_local();
while ((ret = compact_finished(zone, cc)) == COMPACT_CONTINUE) {
unsigned long nr_migrate, nr_remaining;
int err;
switch (isolate_migratepages(zone, cc)) {
case ISOLATE_ABORT:
ret = COMPACT_PARTIAL;
goto out;
case ISOLATE_NONE:
continue;
case ISOLATE_SUCCESS:
;
}
nr_migrate = cc->nr_migratepages;
err = migrate_pages(&cc->migratepages, compaction_alloc,
(unsigned long)cc, false,
cc->sync ? MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT : MIGRATE_ASYNC);
update_nr_listpages(cc);
nr_remaining = cc->nr_migratepages;
count_vm_event(COMPACTBLOCKS);
count_vm_events(COMPACTPAGES, nr_migrate - nr_remaining);
if (nr_remaining)
count_vm_events(COMPACTPAGEFAILED, nr_remaining);
trace_mm_compaction_migratepages(nr_migrate - nr_remaining,
nr_remaining);
/* Release LRU pages not migrated */
if (err) {
putback_lru_pages(&cc->migratepages);
cc->nr_migratepages = 0;
if (err == -ENOMEM) {
ret = COMPACT_PARTIAL;
goto out;
}
}
}
out:
/* Release free pages and check accounting */
cc->nr_freepages -= release_freepages(&cc->freepages);
VM_BUG_ON(cc->nr_freepages != 0);
return ret;
}
static unsigned long compact_zone_order(struct zone *zone,
int order, gfp_t gfp_mask,
bool sync, bool *contended)
{
struct compact_control cc = {
.nr_freepages = 0,
.nr_migratepages = 0,
.order = order,
.migratetype = allocflags_to_migratetype(gfp_mask),
.zone = zone,
.sync = sync,
.contended = contended,
};
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cc.freepages);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cc.migratepages);
return compact_zone(zone, &cc);
}
int sysctl_extfrag_threshold = 500;
/**
* try_to_compact_pages - Direct compact to satisfy a high-order allocation
* @zonelist: The zonelist used for the current allocation
* @order: The order of the current allocation
* @gfp_mask: The GFP mask of the current allocation
* @nodemask: The allowed nodes to allocate from
* @sync: Whether migration is synchronous or not
*
* This is the main entry point for direct page compaction.
*/
unsigned long try_to_compact_pages(struct zonelist *zonelist,
int order, gfp_t gfp_mask, nodemask_t *nodemask,
bool sync, bool *contended)
{
enum zone_type high_zoneidx = gfp_zone(gfp_mask);
int may_enter_fs = gfp_mask & __GFP_FS;
int may_perform_io = gfp_mask & __GFP_IO;
struct zoneref *z;
struct zone *zone;
int rc = COMPACT_SKIPPED;
/*
* Check whether it is worth even starting compaction. The order check is
* made because an assumption is made that the page allocator can satisfy
* the "cheaper" orders without taking special steps
*/
if (!order || !may_enter_fs || !may_perform_io)
return rc;
count_vm_event(COMPACTSTALL);
/* Compact each zone in the list */
for_each_zone_zonelist_nodemask(zone, z, zonelist, high_zoneidx,
nodemask) {
int status;
status = compact_zone_order(zone, order, gfp_mask, sync,
contended);
rc = max(status, rc);
/* If a normal allocation would succeed, stop compacting */
if (zone_watermark_ok(zone, order, low_wmark_pages(zone), 0, 0))
break;
}
return rc;
}
/* Compact all zones within a node */
static int __compact_pgdat(pg_data_t *pgdat, struct compact_control *cc)
{
int zoneid;
struct zone *zone;
for (zoneid = 0; zoneid < MAX_NR_ZONES; zoneid++) {
zone = &pgdat->node_zones[zoneid];
if (!populated_zone(zone))
continue;
cc->nr_freepages = 0;
cc->nr_migratepages = 0;
cc->zone = zone;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cc->freepages);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cc->migratepages);
if (cc->order == -1 || !compaction_deferred(zone, cc->order))
compact_zone(zone, cc);
if (cc->order > 0) {
int ok = zone_watermark_ok(zone, cc->order,
low_wmark_pages(zone), 0, 0);
if (ok && cc->order >= zone->compact_order_failed)
zone->compact_order_failed = cc->order + 1;
/* Currently async compaction is never deferred. */
else if (!ok && cc->sync)
defer_compaction(zone, cc->order);
}
VM_BUG_ON(!list_empty(&cc->freepages));
VM_BUG_ON(!list_empty(&cc->migratepages));
}
return 0;
}
int compact_pgdat(pg_data_t *pgdat, int order)
{
struct compact_control cc = {
.order = order,
.sync = false,
};
return __compact_pgdat(pgdat, &cc);
}
static int compact_node(int nid)
{
struct compact_control cc = {
.order = -1,
.sync = true,
};
return __compact_pgdat(NODE_DATA(nid), &cc);
}
/* Compact all nodes in the system */
static int compact_nodes(void)
{
int nid;
/* Flush pending updates to the LRU lists */
lru_add_drain_all();
for_each_online_node(nid)
compact_node(nid);
return COMPACT_COMPLETE;
}
/* The written value is actually unused, all memory is compacted */
int sysctl_compact_memory;
/* This is the entry point for compacting all nodes via /proc/sys/vm */
int sysctl_compaction_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
{
if (write)
return compact_nodes();
return 0;
}
int sysctl_extfrag_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
{
proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, length, ppos);
return 0;
}
#if defined(CONFIG_SYSFS) && defined(CONFIG_NUMA)
ssize_t sysfs_compact_node(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr,
const char *buf, size_t count)
{
int nid = dev->id;
if (nid >= 0 && nid < nr_node_ids && node_online(nid)) {
/* Flush pending updates to the LRU lists */
lru_add_drain_all();
compact_node(nid);
}
return count;
}
static DEVICE_ATTR(compact, S_IWUSR, NULL, sysfs_compact_node);
int compaction_register_node(struct node *node)
{
return device_create_file(&node->dev, &dev_attr_compact);
}
void compaction_unregister_node(struct node *node)
{
return device_remove_file(&node->dev, &dev_attr_compact);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SYSFS && CONFIG_NUMA */
#endif /* CONFIG_COMPACTION */