Commit Graph

76 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Linus Torvalds
e33c019722 Merge branch 'x86-mm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip
* 'x86-mm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (36 commits)
  x86, mm: Correct the implementation of is_untracked_pat_range()
  x86/pat: Trivial: don't create debugfs for memtype if pat is disabled
  x86, mtrr: Fix sorting of mtrr after subtracting
  x86: Move find_smp_config() earlier and avoid bootmem usage
  x86, platform: Change is_untracked_pat_range() to bool; cleanup init
  x86: Change is_ISA_range() into an inline function
  x86, mm: is_untracked_pat_range() takes a normal semiclosed range
  x86, mm: Call is_untracked_pat_range() rather than is_ISA_range()
  x86: UV SGI: Don't track GRU space in PAT
  x86: SGI UV: Fix BAU initialization
  x86, numa: Use near(er) online node instead of roundrobin for NUMA
  x86, numa, bootmem: Only free bootmem on NUMA failure path
  x86: Change crash kernel to reserve via reserve_early()
  x86: Eliminate redundant/contradicting cache line size config options
  x86: When cleaning MTRRs, do not fold WP into UC
  x86: remove "extern" from function prototypes in <asm/proto.h>
  x86, mm: Report state of NX protections during boot
  x86, mm: Clean up and simplify NX enablement
  x86, pageattr: Make set_memory_(x|nx) aware of NX support
  x86, sleep: Always save the value of EFER
  ...

Fix up conflicts (added both iommu_shutdown and is_untracked_pat_range)
to 'struct x86_platform_ops') in
	arch/x86/include/asm/x86_init.h
	arch/x86/kernel/x86_init.c
2009-12-08 13:27:33 -08:00
Suresh Siddha
55ca3cc174 x86_64, ftrace: Make ftrace use kernel identity mapping to modify code
On x86_64, kernel text mappings are mapped read-only with
CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA. So use the kernel identity mapping instead
of the kernel text mapping to modify the kernel text.

Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Tested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
LKML-Reference: <20091029024821.080941108@sbs-t61.sc.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-11-02 17:16:36 +01:00
Frederic Weisbecker
c44fc77084 tracing: Move syscalls metadata handling from arch to core
Most of the syscalls metadata processing is done from arch.
But these operations are mostly generic accross archs. Especially now
that we have a common variable name that expresses the number of
syscalls supported by an arch: NR_syscalls, the only remaining bits
that need to reside in arch is the syscall nr to addr translation.

v2: Compare syscalls symbols only after the "sys" prefix so that we
    avoid spurious mismatches with archs that have syscalls wrappers,
    in which case syscalls symbols have "SyS" prefixed aliases.
    (Reported by: Heiko Carstens)

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
2009-10-14 09:53:56 +02:00
Joe Perches
3bb258bf43 ftrace.c: Add #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
- Remove prefixes from pr_<level>, use pr_fmt(fmt).

No change in output.

Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <9b377eefae9e28c599dd4a17bdc81172965e9931.1254701151.git.joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-10-12 08:05:40 +02:00
Jason Baron
57421dbbdc tracing: Convert event tracing code to use NR_syscalls
Convert the syscalls event tracing code to use NR_syscalls, instead of
FTRACE_SYSCALL_MAX. NR_syscalls is standard accross most arches, and
reduces code confusion/complexity.

Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Cc: Jiaying Zhang <jiayingz@google.com>
Cc: Martin Bligh <mbligh@google.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Josh Stone <jistone@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: H. Peter Anwin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Hendrik Brueckner <brueckner@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
LKML-Reference: <9b4f1a84ecae57cc6599412772efa36f0d2b815b.1251146513.git.jbaron@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
2009-08-26 21:30:02 +02:00
Jason Baron
64c12e0444 tracing: Add individual syscalls tracepoint id support
The current state of syscalls tracepoints generates only one event id
for every syscall events.

This patch associates an id with each syscall trace event, so that we
can identify each syscall trace event using the 'perf' tool.

Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Cc: Jiaying Zhang <jiayingz@google.com>
Cc: Martin Bligh <mbligh@google.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
2009-08-11 20:35:28 +02:00
Jason Baron
066e0378c2 tracing: Call arch_init_ftrace_syscalls at boot
Call arch_init_ftrace_syscalls at boot, so we can determine early the
set of syscalls for the syscall trace events.

Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Cc: Jiaying Zhang <jiayingz@google.com>
Cc: Martin Bligh <mbligh@google.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
2009-08-11 20:35:26 +02:00
Jason Baron
eeac19a7ef tracing: Map syscall name to number
Add a new function to support translating a syscall name to number at
runtime.
This allows the syscall event tracer to map syscall names to number.

Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Cc: Jiaying Zhang <jiayingz@google.com>
Cc: Martin Bligh <mbligh@google.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
2009-08-11 20:35:25 +02:00
Frederic Weisbecker
07868b086c tracing/function-graph-tracer: Drop the useless nmi protection
The function graph tracer used to have a protection against NMI
while entering a function entry tracing. But this is useless now,
this tracer is reentrant and the ring buffer supports the NMI tracing.
We can then drop this protection.

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2009-08-06 07:28:05 +02:00
Steven Rostedt
71e308a239 function-graph: add stack frame test
In case gcc does something funny with the stack frames, or the return
from function code, we would like to detect that.

An arch may implement passing of a variable that is unique to the
function and can be saved on entering a function and can be tested
when exiting the function. Usually the frame pointer can be used for
this purpose.

This patch also implements this for x86. Where it passes in the stack
frame of the parent function, and will test that frame on exit.

There was a case in x86_32 with optimize for size (-Os) where, for a
few functions, gcc would align the stack frame and place a copy of the
return address into it. The function graph tracer modified the copy and
not the actual return address. On return from the funtion, it did not go
to the tracer hook, but returned to the parent. This broke the function
graph tracer, because the return of the parent (where gcc did not do
this funky manipulation) returned to the location that the child function
was suppose to. This caused strange kernel crashes.

This test detected the problem and pointed out where the issue was.

This modifies the parameters of one of the functions that the arch
specific code calls, so it includes changes to arch code to accommodate
the new prototype.

Note, I notice that the parsic arch implements its own push_return_trace.
This is now a generic function and the ftrace_push_return_trace should be
used instead. This patch does not touch that code.

Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2009-06-18 18:40:18 -04:00
Steven Rostedt
aa512a27e9 x86/function-graph: fix constraint for recording old return value
After upgrading from gcc 4.2.2 to 4.4.0, the function graph tracer broke.
Investigating, I found that in the asm that replaces the return value,
gcc was using the same register for the old value as it was for the
new value.

	mov	(addr), old
	mov	new, (addr)

But if old and new are the same register, we clobber new with old!
I first thought this was a bug in gcc 4.4.0 and reported it:

  http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=40132

Andrew Pinski responded (quickly), saying that it was correct gcc behavior
and the code needed to denote old as an "early clobber".

Instead of "=r"(old), we need "=&r"(old).

[Impact: keep function graph tracer from breaking with gcc 4.4.0 ]

Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2009-05-13 13:52:19 -04:00
Frederic Weisbecker
47788c58e6 tracing/syscalls: use a dedicated file header
Impact: fix build warnings and possibe compat misbehavior on IA64

Building a kernel on ia64 might trigger these ugly build warnings:

CC      arch/ia64/ia32/sys_ia32.o
In file included from arch/ia64/ia32/sys_ia32.c:55:
arch/ia64/ia32/ia32priv.h:290:1: warning: "elf_check_arch" redefined
In file included from include/linux/elf.h:7,
                 from include/linux/module.h:14,
                 from include/linux/ftrace.h:8,
                 from include/linux/syscalls.h:68,
                 from arch/ia64/ia32/sys_ia32.c:18:
arch/ia64/include/asm/elf.h:19:1: warning: this is the location of the previous definition
[...]

sys_ia32.c includes linux/syscalls.h which in turn includes linux/ftrace.h
to import the syscalls tracing prototypes.

But including ftrace.h can pull too much things for a low level file,
especially on ia64 where the ia32 private headers conflict with higher
level headers.

Now we isolate the syscall tracing headers in their own lightweight file.

Reported-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Tested-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: "Frank Ch. Eigler" <fche@redhat.com>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiaying Zhang <jiayingz@google.com>
Cc: Michael Rubin <mrubin@google.com>
Cc: Martin Bligh <mbligh@google.com>
Cc: Michael Davidson <md@google.com>
LKML-Reference: <20090408184058.GB6017@nowhere>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-04-09 05:43:32 +02:00
Huang Weiyi
5ab8026a30 tracing, x86: remove duplicated #include
Remove duplicated #include in arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c.

Signed-off-by: Huang Weiyi <weiyi.huang@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <1238503291-2532-1-git-send-email-weiyi.huang@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-04-07 14:01:53 +02:00
Steven Rostedt
5d1a03dc54 function-graph: moved the timestamp from arch to generic code
This patch move the timestamp from happening in the arch specific
code into the general code. This allows for better control by the tracer
to time manipulation.

Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
2009-03-24 09:31:34 -04:00
Lai Jiangshan
e9d9df4473 ftrace: protect running nmi (V3)
When I review the sensitive code ftrace_nmi_enter(), I found
the atomic variable nmi_running does protect NMI VS do_ftrace_mod_code(),
but it can not protects NMI(entered nmi) VS NMI(ftrace_nmi_enter()).

cpu#1                   | cpu#2                 | cpu#3
ftrace_nmi_enter()      | do_ftrace_mod_code()  |
  not modify            |                       |
------------------------|-----------------------|--
executing               | set mod_code_write = 1|
executing             --|-----------------------|--------------------
executing               |                       | ftrace_nmi_enter()
executing               |                       |    do modify
------------------------|-----------------------|-----------------
ftrace_nmi_exit()       |                       |

cpu#3 may be being modified the code which is still being executed on cpu#1,
it will have undefined results and possibly take a GPF, this patch
prevents it occurred.

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
LKML-Reference: <49C0B411.30003@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
2009-03-18 20:36:59 -04:00
Frederic Weisbecker
f58ba10067 tracing/syscalls: support for syscalls tracing on x86
Extend x86 architecture syscall tracing support with syscall
metadata table details.

(The upcoming core syscall tracing modifications rely on this.)

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
LKML-Reference: <1236955332-10133-3-git-send-email-fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-03-13 16:57:42 +01:00
Frederic Weisbecker
0012693ad4 tracing/function-graph-tracer: use the more lightweight local clock
Impact: decrease hangs risks with the graph tracer on slow systems

Since the function graph tracer can spend too much time on timer
interrupts, it's better now to use the more lightweight local
clock. Anyway, the function graph traces are more reliable on a
per cpu trace.

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <49af243d.06e9300a.53ad.ffff840c@mx.google.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-03-05 12:14:41 +01:00
Ingo Molnar
c478f87869 Merge branch 'tip/x86/ftrace' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-2.6-trace into tracing/ftrace
Conflicts:
	include/linux/ftrace.h
	kernel/trace/ftrace.c
2009-02-22 18:12:01 +01:00
Steven Rostedt
90c7ac49aa ftrace: immediately stop code modification if failure is detected
Impact: fix to prevent NMI lockup

If the page fault handler produces a WARN_ON in the modifying of
text, and the system is setup to have a high frequency of NMIs,
we can lock up the system on a failure to modify code.

The modifying of code with NMIs allows all NMIs to modify the code
if it is about to run. This prevents a modifier on one CPU from
modifying code running in NMI context on another CPU. The modifying
is done through stop_machine, so only NMIs must be considered.

But if the write causes the page fault handler to produce a warning,
the print can slow it down enough that as soon as it is done
it will take another NMI before going back to the process context.
The new NMI will perform the write again causing another print and
this will hang the box.

This patch turns off the writing as soon as a failure is detected
and does not wait for it to be turned off by the process context.
This will keep NMIs from getting stuck in this back and forth
of print outs.

Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
2009-02-20 14:30:18 -05:00
Steven Rostedt
1623963097 ftrace, x86: make kernel text writable only for conversions
Impact: keep kernel text read only

Because dynamic ftrace converts the calls to mcount into and out of
nops at run time, we needed to always keep the kernel text writable.

But this defeats the point of CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA. This patch converts
the kernel code to writable before ftrace modifies the text, and converts
it back to read only afterward.

The kernel text is converted to read/write, stop_machine is called to
modify the code, then the kernel text is converted back to read only.

The original version used SYSTEM_STATE to determine when it was OK
or not to change the code to rw or ro. Andrew Morton pointed out that
using SYSTEM_STATE is a bad idea since there is no guarantee to what
its state will actually be.

Instead, I moved the check into the set_kernel_text_* functions
themselves, and use a local variable to determine when it is
OK to change the kernel text RW permissions.

[ Update: Ingo Molnar suggested moving the prototypes to cacheflush.h ]

Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
2009-02-20 14:30:06 -05:00
Ingo Molnar
4cd0332db7 Merge branch 'mainline/function-graph' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-2.6-trace into tracing/function-graph-tracer 2009-02-19 12:13:33 +01:00
Steven Rostedt
712406a6bf tracing/function-graph-tracer: make arch generic push pop functions
There is nothing really arch specific of the push and pop functions
used by the function graph tracer. This patch moves them to generic
code.

Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
2009-02-18 13:43:04 -05:00
Steven Rostedt
f47a454db9 tracing, x86: fix constraint for parent variable
The constraint used for retrieving and restoring the parent function
pointer is incorrect. The parent variable is a pointer, and the
address of the pointer is modified by the asm statement and not
the pointer itself. It is incorrect to pass it in as an output
constraint since the asm will never update the pointer.

Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-02-11 10:06:13 +01:00
Ingo Molnar
4040068dce Merge branch 'tip/tracing/ftrace' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-2.6-trace into tracing/ftrace 2009-02-11 10:03:53 +01:00
Ingo Molnar
d524e03207 Merge branches 'tracing/ftrace' and 'tracing/urgent' into tracing/core 2009-02-11 10:03:11 +01:00
Steven Rostedt
e3944bfac9 tracing, x86: fix fixup section to return to original code
Impact: fix to prevent a kernel crash on fault

If for some reason the pointer to the parent function on the
stack takes a fault, the fix up code will not return back to
the original faulting code. This can lead to unpredictable
results and perhaps even a kernel panic.

A fault should not happen, but if it does, we should simply
disable the tracer, warn, and continue running the kernel.
It should not lead to a kernel crash.

Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
2009-02-10 13:07:13 -05:00
Steven Rostedt
966657883f tracing, x86: fix constraint for parent variable
The constraint used for retrieving and restoring the parent function
pointer is incorrect. The parent variable is a pointer, and the
address of the pointer is modified by the asm statement and not
the pointer itself. It is incorrect to pass it in as an output
constraint since the asm will never update the pointer.

Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
2009-02-10 11:53:23 -05:00
Frederic Weisbecker
3861a17bcc tracing/function-graph-tracer: drop the kernel_text_address check
When the function graph tracer picks a return address, it ensures this address
is really a kernel text one by calling __kernel_text_address()

Actually this path has never been taken.Its role was more likely to debug the tracer
on the beginning of its development but this function is wasteful since it is called
for every traced function.

The fault check is already sufficient.

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-02-09 10:51:38 +01:00
Steven Rostedt
a81bd80a0b ring-buffer: use generic version of in_nmi
Impact: clean up

Now that a generic in_nmi is available, this patch removes the
special code in the ring_buffer and implements the in_nmi generic
version instead.

With this change, I was also able to rename the "arch_ftrace_nmi_enter"
back to "ftrace_nmi_enter" and remove the code from the ring buffer.

Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
2009-02-07 20:03:33 -05:00
Steven Rostedt
9a5fd90227 ftrace: change function graph tracer to use new in_nmi
The function graph tracer piggy backed onto the dynamic ftracer
to use the in_nmi custom code for dynamic tracing. The problem
was (as Andrew Morton pointed out) it really only wanted to bail
out if the context of the current CPU was in NMI context. But the
dynamic ftrace in_nmi custom code was true if _any_ CPU happened
to be in NMI context.

Now that we have a generic in_nmi interface, this patch changes
the function graph code to use it instead of the dynamic ftarce
custom code.

Reported-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
2009-02-07 20:02:55 -05:00
Steven Rostedt
4e6ea1440c ftrace, x86: rename in_nmi variable
Impact: clean up

The in_nmi variable in x86 arch ftrace.c is a misnomer.
Andrew Morton pointed out that the in_nmi variable is incremented
by all CPUS. It can be set when another CPU is running an NMI.

Since this is actually intentional, the fix is to rename it to
what it really is: "nmi_running"

Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
2009-02-07 20:01:21 -05:00
Steven Rostedt
78d904b46a ring-buffer: add NMI protection for spinlocks
Impact: prevent deadlock in NMI

The ring buffers are not yet totally lockless with writing to
the buffer. When a writer crosses a page, it grabs a per cpu spinlock
to protect against a reader. The spinlocks taken by a writer are not
to protect against other writers, since a writer can only write to
its own per cpu buffer. The spinlocks protect against readers that
can touch any cpu buffer. The writers are made to be reentrant
with the spinlocks disabling interrupts.

The problem arises when an NMI writes to the buffer, and that write
crosses a page boundary. If it grabs a spinlock, it can be racing
with another writer (since disabling interrupts does not protect
against NMIs) or with a reader on the same CPU. Luckily, most of the
users are not reentrant and protects against this issue. But if a
user of the ring buffer becomes reentrant (which is what the ring
buffers do allow), if the NMI also writes to the ring buffer then
we risk the chance of a deadlock.

This patch moves the ftrace_nmi_enter called by nmi_enter() to the
ring buffer code. It replaces the current ftrace_nmi_enter that is
used by arch specific code to arch_ftrace_nmi_enter and updates
the Kconfig to handle it.

When an NMI is called, it will set a per cpu variable in the ring buffer
code and will clear it when the NMI exits. If a write to the ring buffer
crosses page boundaries inside an NMI, a trylock is used on the spin
lock instead. If the spinlock fails to be acquired, then the entry
is discarded.

This bug appeared in the ftrace work in the RT tree, where event tracing
is reentrant. This workaround solved the deadlocks that appeared there.

Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
2009-02-07 20:00:17 -05:00
Cyrill Gorcunov
8902528237 x86: ftrace - simplify wait_for_nmi
Get rid of 'waited' stack variable.

Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-01-27 14:31:17 +01:00
Frederic Weisbecker
380c4b1411 tracing/function-graph-tracer: append the tracing_graph_flag
Impact: Provide a way to pause the function graph tracer

As suggested by Steven Rostedt, the previous patch that prevented from
spinlock function tracing shouldn't use the raw_spinlock to fix it.
It's much better to follow lockdep with normal spinlock, so this patch
adds a new flag for each task to make the function graph tracer able
to be paused. We also can send an ftrace_printk whithout worrying of
the irrelevant traced spinlock during insertion.

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-12-08 15:11:45 +01:00
Steven Rostedt
62679efe0a ftrace: add checks on ret stack in function graph
Import: robustness checks

Add more checks in the function graph code to detect errors and
perhaps print out better information if a bug happens.

Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-12-03 08:56:27 +01:00
Steven Rostedt
e49dc19c6a ftrace: function graph return for function entry
Impact: feature, let entry function decide to trace or not

This patch lets the graph tracer entry function decide if the tracing
should be done at the end as well. This requires all function graph
entry functions return 1 if it should trace, or 0 if the return should
not be traced.

Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-12-03 08:56:26 +01:00
Steven Rostedt
14a866c567 ftrace: add ftrace_graph_stop()
Impact: new ftrace_graph_stop function

While developing more features of function graph, I hit a bug that
caused the WARN_ON to trigger in the prepare_ftrace_return function.
Well, it was hard for me to find out that was happening because the
bug would not print, it would just cause a hard lockup or reboot.
The reason is that it is not safe to call printk from this function.

Looking further, I also found that it calls unregister_ftrace_graph,
which grabs a mutex and calls kstop machine. This would definitely
lock the box up if it were to trigger.

This patch adds a fast and safe ftrace_graph_stop() which will
stop the function tracer. Then it is safe to call the WARN ON.

Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-12-03 08:56:23 +01:00
Steven Rostedt
347fdd9dd4 ftrace: clean up function graph asm
Impact: clean up

There exists macros for x86 asm to handle x86_64 and i386.
This patch updates function graph asm to use them.

Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-12-03 08:56:21 +01:00
Frederic Weisbecker
48d68b20d0 tracing/function-graph-tracer: support for x86-64
Impact: extend and enable the function graph tracer to 64-bit x86

This patch implements the support for function graph tracer under x86-64.
Both static and dynamic tracing are supported.

This causes some small CPP conditional asm on arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c I
wanted to use probe_kernel_read/write to make the return address
saving/patching code more generic but it causes tracing recursion.

That would be perhaps useful to implement a notrace version of these
function for other archs ports.

Note that arch/x86/process_64.c is not traced, as in X86-32. I first
thought __switch_to() was responsible of crashes during tracing because I
believed current task were changed inside but that's actually not the
case (actually yes, but not the "current" pointer).

So I will have to investigate to find the functions that harm here, to
enable tracing of the other functions inside (but there is no issue at
this time, while process_64.c stays out of -pg flags).

A little possible race condition is fixed inside this patch too. When the
tracer allocate a return stack dynamically, the current depth is not
initialized before but after. An interrupt could occur at this time and,
after seeing that the return stack is allocated, the tracer could try to
trace it with a random uninitialized depth. It's a prevention, even if I
hadn't problems with it.

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Tim Bird <tim.bird@am.sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-12-02 09:47:48 +01:00
Steven Rostedt
5a45cfe1c6 ftrace: use code patching for ftrace graph tracer
Impact: more efficient code for ftrace graph tracer

This patch uses the dynamic patching, when available, to patch
the function graph code into the kernel.

This patch will ease the way for letting both function tracing
and function graph tracing run together.

Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-11-26 06:52:54 +01:00
Frederic Weisbecker
287b6e68ca tracing/function-return-tracer: set a more human readable output
Impact: feature

This patch sets a C-like output for the function graph tracing.
For this aim, we now call two handler for each function: one on the entry
and one other on return. This way we can draw a well-ordered call stack.

The pid of the previous trace is loosely stored to be compared against
the one of the current trace to see if there were a context switch.

Without this little feature, the call tree would seem broken at
some locations.
We could use the sched_tracer to capture these sched_events but this
way of processing is much more simpler.

2 spaces have been chosen for indentation to fit the screen while deep
calls. The time of execution in nanosecs is printed just after closed
braces, it seems more easy this way to find the corresponding function.
If the time was printed as a first column, it would be not so easy to
find the corresponding function if it is called on a deep depth.

I plan to output the return value but on 32 bits CPU, the return value
can be 32 or 64, and its difficult to guess on which case we are.
I don't know what would be the better solution on X86-32: only print
eax (low-part) or even edx (high-part).

Actually it's thee same problem when a function return a 8 bits value, the
high part of eax could contain junk values...

Here is an example of trace:

sys_read() {
  fget_light() {
  } 526
  vfs_read() {
    rw_verify_area() {
      security_file_permission() {
        cap_file_permission() {
        } 519
      } 1564
    } 2640
    do_sync_read() {
      pipe_read() {
        __might_sleep() {
        } 511
        pipe_wait() {
          prepare_to_wait() {
          } 760
          deactivate_task() {
            dequeue_task() {
              dequeue_task_fair() {
                dequeue_entity() {
                  update_curr() {
                    update_min_vruntime() {
                    } 504
                  } 1587
                  clear_buddies() {
                  } 512
                  add_cfs_task_weight() {
                  } 519
                  update_min_vruntime() {
                  } 511
                } 5602
                dequeue_entity() {
                  update_curr() {
                    update_min_vruntime() {
                    } 496
                  } 1631
                  clear_buddies() {
                  } 496
                  update_min_vruntime() {
                  } 527
                } 4580
                hrtick_update() {
                  hrtick_start_fair() {
                  } 488
                } 1489
              } 13700
            } 14949
          } 16016
          msecs_to_jiffies() {
          } 496
          put_prev_task_fair() {
          } 504
          pick_next_task_fair() {
          } 489
          pick_next_task_rt() {
          } 496
          pick_next_task_fair() {
          } 489
          pick_next_task_idle() {
          } 489

------------8<---------- thread 4 ------------8<----------

finish_task_switch() {
} 1203
do_softirq() {
  __do_softirq() {
    __local_bh_disable() {
    } 669
    rcu_process_callbacks() {
      __rcu_process_callbacks() {
        cpu_quiet() {
          rcu_start_batch() {
          } 503
        } 1647
      } 3128
      __rcu_process_callbacks() {
      } 542
    } 5362
    _local_bh_enable() {
    } 587
  } 8880
} 9986
kthread_should_stop() {
} 669
deactivate_task() {
  dequeue_task() {
    dequeue_task_fair() {
      dequeue_entity() {
        update_curr() {
          calc_delta_mine() {
          } 511
          update_min_vruntime() {
          } 511
        } 2813

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-11-26 01:59:45 +01:00
Frederic Weisbecker
fb52607afc tracing/function-return-tracer: change the name into function-graph-tracer
Impact: cleanup

This patch changes the name of the "return function tracer" into
function-graph-tracer which is a more suitable name for a tracing
which makes one able to retrieve the ordered call stack during
the code flow.

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-11-26 01:59:45 +01:00
Frederic Weisbecker
f201ae2356 tracing/function-return-tracer: store return stack into task_struct and allocate it dynamically
Impact: use deeper function tracing depth safely

Some tests showed that function return tracing needed a more deeper depth
of function calls. But it could be unsafe to store these return addresses
to the stack.

So these arrays will now be allocated dynamically into task_struct of current
only when the tracer is activated.

Typical scheme when tracer is activated:
- allocate a return stack for each task in global list.
- fork: allocate the return stack for the newly created task
- exit: free return stack of current
- idle init: same as fork

I chose a default depth of 50. I don't have overruns anymore.

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-11-23 09:17:26 +01:00
Frederic Weisbecker
0231022cc3 tracing/function-return-tracer: add the overrun field
Impact: help to find the better depth of trace

We decided to arbitrary define the depth of function return trace as
"20". Perhaps this is not enough. To help finding an optimal depth, we
measure now the overrun: the number of functions that have been missed
for the current thread. By default this is not displayed, we have to
do set a particular flag on the return tracer: echo overrun >
/debug/tracing/trace_options And the overrun will be printed on the
right.

As the trace shows below, the current 20 depth is not enough.

update_wall_time+0x37f/0x8c0 -> update_xtime_cache (345 ns) (Overruns: 2838)
update_wall_time+0x384/0x8c0 -> clocksource_get_next (1141 ns) (Overruns: 2838)
do_timer+0x23/0x100 -> update_wall_time (3882 ns) (Overruns: 2838)
tick_do_update_jiffies64+0xbf/0x160 -> do_timer (5339 ns) (Overruns: 2838)
tick_sched_timer+0x6a/0xf0 -> tick_do_update_jiffies64 (7209 ns) (Overruns: 2838)
vgacon_set_cursor_size+0x98/0x120 -> native_io_delay (2613 ns) (Overruns: 274)
vgacon_cursor+0x16e/0x1d0 -> vgacon_set_cursor_size (33151 ns) (Overruns: 274)
set_cursor+0x5f/0x80 -> vgacon_cursor (36432 ns) (Overruns: 274)
con_flush_chars+0x34/0x40 -> set_cursor (38790 ns) (Overruns: 274)
release_console_sem+0x1ec/0x230 -> up (721 ns) (Overruns: 274)
release_console_sem+0x225/0x230 -> wake_up_klogd (316 ns) (Overruns: 274)
con_flush_chars+0x39/0x40 -> release_console_sem (2996 ns) (Overruns: 274)
con_write+0x22/0x30 -> con_flush_chars (46067 ns) (Overruns: 274)
n_tty_write+0x1cc/0x360 -> con_write (292670 ns) (Overruns: 274)
smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x2a/0x90 -> native_apic_mem_write (330 ns) (Overruns: 274)
irq_enter+0x17/0x70 -> idle_cpu (413 ns) (Overruns: 274)
smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x2f/0x90 -> irq_enter (1525 ns) (Overruns: 274)
ktime_get_ts+0x40/0x70 -> getnstimeofday (465 ns) (Overruns: 274)
ktime_get_ts+0x60/0x70 -> set_normalized_timespec (436 ns) (Overruns: 274)
ktime_get+0x16/0x30 -> ktime_get_ts (2501 ns) (Overruns: 274)
hrtimer_interrupt+0x77/0x1a0 -> ktime_get (3439 ns) (Overruns: 274)

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-11-18 11:11:00 +01:00
Frederic Weisbecker
e7d3737ea1 tracing/function-return-tracer: support for dynamic ftrace on function return tracer
This patch adds the support for dynamic tracing on the function return tracer.
The whole difference with normal dynamic function tracing is that we don't need
to hook on a particular callback. The only pro that we want is to nop or set
dynamically the calls to ftrace_caller (which is ftrace_return_caller here).

Some security checks ensure that we are not trying to launch dynamic tracing for
return tracing while normal function tracing is already running.

An example of trace with getnstimeofday set as a filter:

ktime_get_ts+0x22/0x50 -> getnstimeofday (2283 ns)
ktime_get_ts+0x22/0x50 -> getnstimeofday (1396 ns)
ktime_get_ts+0x22/0x50 -> getnstimeofday (1382 ns)
ktime_get_ts+0x22/0x50 -> getnstimeofday (1825 ns)
ktime_get_ts+0x22/0x50 -> getnstimeofday (1426 ns)
ktime_get_ts+0x22/0x50 -> getnstimeofday (1464 ns)
ktime_get_ts+0x22/0x50 -> getnstimeofday (1524 ns)
ktime_get_ts+0x22/0x50 -> getnstimeofday (1382 ns)
ktime_get_ts+0x22/0x50 -> getnstimeofday (1382 ns)
ktime_get_ts+0x22/0x50 -> getnstimeofday (1434 ns)
ktime_get_ts+0x22/0x50 -> getnstimeofday (1464 ns)
ktime_get_ts+0x22/0x50 -> getnstimeofday (1502 ns)
ktime_get_ts+0x22/0x50 -> getnstimeofday (1404 ns)
ktime_get_ts+0x22/0x50 -> getnstimeofday (1397 ns)
ktime_get_ts+0x22/0x50 -> getnstimeofday (1051 ns)
ktime_get_ts+0x22/0x50 -> getnstimeofday (1314 ns)
ktime_get_ts+0x22/0x50 -> getnstimeofday (1344 ns)
ktime_get_ts+0x22/0x50 -> getnstimeofday (1163 ns)
ktime_get_ts+0x22/0x50 -> getnstimeofday (1390 ns)
ktime_get_ts+0x22/0x50 -> getnstimeofday (1374 ns)

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-11-16 07:57:38 +01:00
Frederic Weisbecker
b01c746617 tracing/function-return-tracer: add a barrier to ensure return stack index is incremented in memory
Impact: fix possible race condition in ftrace function return tracer

This fixes a possible race condition if index incrementation
is not immediately flushed in memory.

Thanks for Andi Kleen and Steven Rostedt for pointing out this issue
and give me this solution.

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-11-16 07:57:37 +01:00
Steven Rostedt
31e889098a ftrace: pass module struct to arch dynamic ftrace functions
Impact: allow archs more flexibility on dynamic ftrace implementations

Dynamic ftrace has largly been developed on x86. Since x86 does not
have the same limitations as other architectures, the ftrace interaction
between the generic code and the architecture specific code was not
flexible enough to handle some of the issues that other architectures
have.

Most notably, module trampolines. Due to the limited branch distance
that archs make in calling kernel core code from modules, the module
load code must create a trampoline to jump to what will make the
larger jump into core kernel code.

The problem arises when this happens to a call to mcount. Ftrace checks
all code before modifying it and makes sure the current code is what
it expects. Right now, there is not enough information to handle modifying
module trampolines.

This patch changes the API between generic dynamic ftrace code and
the arch dependent code. There is now two functions for modifying code:

  ftrace_make_nop(mod, rec, addr) - convert the code at rec->ip into
       a nop, where the original text is calling addr. (mod is the
       module struct if called by module init)

  ftrace_make_caller(rec, addr) - convert the code rec->ip that should
       be a nop into a caller to addr.

The record "rec" now has a new field called "arch" where the architecture
can add any special attributes to each call site record.

Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-11-16 07:36:02 +01:00
Frederic Weisbecker
1dc1c6adf3 tracing/function-return-tracer: call prepare_ftrace_return by registers
Impact: Optimize a bit the function return tracer

This patch changes the calling convention of prepare_ftrace_return to
pass its arguments by register. This will optimize it a bit and
prepare it to support dynamic tracing.

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-11-12 23:15:43 +01:00
Frederic Weisbecker
62d59d17a5 tracing/function-return-tracer: make the function return tracer lockless
Impact: remove spinlocks and irq disabling in function return tracer.

I've tried to figure out all of the race condition that could happen
when the tracer pushes or pops a return address trace to/from the
current thread_info.

Theory:

_ One thread can only execute on one cpu at a time. So this code
  doesn't need to be SMP-safe. Just drop the spinlock.

_ The only race could happen between the current thread and an
  interrupt. If an interrupt is raised, it will increase the index of
  the return stack storage and then execute until the end of the
  tracing to finally free the index it used. We don't need to disable
  irqs.

This is theorical. In practice, I've tested it with a two-core SMP and
had no problem at all. Perhaps -tip testing could confirm it.

Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-11-12 23:15:43 +01:00
Ingo Molnar
19b3e9671c tracing: function return tracer, build fix
fix:

 arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c: In function 'ftrace_return_to_handler':
 arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c:112: error: implicit declaration of function 'cpu_clock'

cpu_clock() is implicitly included via a number of ways, but its real
location is sched.h. (Build failure is triggerable if enough other
kernel components are turned off.)

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-11-11 12:03:27 +01:00