001/* 002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 003 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with 004 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. 005 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 006 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with 007 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 008 * 009 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 010 * 011 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 012 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 013 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 014 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 015 * limitations under the License. 016 */ 017package org.openstreetmap.josm.data.validation.routines; 018 019import java.net.IDN; 020import java.util.Arrays; 021import java.util.Locale; 022 023import org.openstreetmap.josm.tools.Logging; 024 025/** 026 * <p><b>Domain name</b> validation routines.</p> 027 * 028 * <p> 029 * This validator provides methods for validating Internet domain names 030 * and top-level domains. 031 * </p> 032 * 033 * <p>Domain names are evaluated according 034 * to the standards <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt">RFC1034</a>, 035 * section 3, and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt">RFC1123</a>, 036 * section 2.1. No accommodation is provided for the specialized needs of 037 * other applications; if the domain name has been URL-encoded, for example, 038 * validation will fail even though the equivalent plaintext version of the 039 * same name would have passed. 040 * </p> 041 * 042 * <p> 043 * Validation is also provided for top-level domains (TLDs) as defined and 044 * maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA): 045 * </p> 046 * 047 * <ul> 048 * <li>{@link #isValidInfrastructureTld} - validates infrastructure TLDs 049 * (<code>.arpa</code>, etc.)</li> 050 * <li>{@link #isValidGenericTld} - validates generic TLDs 051 * (<code>.com, .org</code>, etc.)</li> 052 * <li>{@link #isValidCountryCodeTld} - validates country code TLDs 053 * (<code>.us, .uk, .cn</code>, etc.)</li> 054 * </ul> 055 * 056 * <p> 057 * (<b>NOTE</b>: This class does not provide IP address lookup for domain names or 058 * methods to ensure that a given domain name matches a specific IP; see 059 * {@link java.net.InetAddress} for that functionality.) 060 * </p> 061 * 062 * @version $Revision: 1740822 $ 063 * @since Validator 1.4 064 */ 065public final class DomainValidator extends AbstractValidator { 066 067 private static final int MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH = 253; 068 069 private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = new String[0]; 070 071 // Regular expression strings for hostnames (derived from RFC2396 and RFC 1123) 072 073 // RFC2396: domainlabel = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum 074 // Max 63 characters 075 private static final String DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alnum}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?"; 076 077 // RFC2396 toplabel = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum 078 // Max 63 characters 079 private static final String TOP_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alpha}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?"; 080 081 // RFC2396 hostname = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ] 082 // Note that the regex currently requires both a domain label and a top level label, whereas 083 // the RFC does not. This is because the regex is used to detect if a TLD is present. 084 // If the match fails, input is checked against DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX (hostnameRegex) 085 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit 086 private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX = 087 "^(?:" + DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX + "\\.)+" + "(" + TOP_LABEL_REGEX + ")\\.?$"; 088 089 private final boolean allowLocal; 090 091 /** 092 * Singleton instance of this validator, which 093 * doesn't consider local addresses as valid. 094 */ 095 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR = new DomainValidator(false); 096 097 /** 098 * Singleton instance of this validator, which does 099 * consider local addresses valid. 100 */ 101 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL = new DomainValidator(true); 102 103 /** 104 * RegexValidator for matching domains. 105 */ 106 private final RegexValidator domainRegex = 107 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX); 108 /** 109 * RegexValidator for matching a local hostname 110 */ 111 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit 112 private final RegexValidator hostnameRegex = 113 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX); 114 115 /** 116 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator. It 117 * will not consider local addresses as valid. 118 * @return the singleton instance of this validator 119 */ 120 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance() { 121 inUse = true; 122 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR; 123 } 124 125 /** 126 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator, 127 * with local validation as required. 128 * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid? 129 * @return the singleton instance of this validator 130 */ 131 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(boolean allowLocal) { 132 inUse = true; 133 if (allowLocal) { 134 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL; 135 } 136 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR; 137 } 138 139 /** 140 * Private constructor. 141 * @param allowLocal whether to allow local domains 142 */ 143 private DomainValidator(boolean allowLocal) { 144 this.allowLocal = allowLocal; 145 } 146 147 /** 148 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> parses 149 * as a valid domain name with a recognized top-level domain. 150 * The parsing is case-insensitive. 151 * @param domain the parameter to check for domain name syntax 152 * @return true if the parameter is a valid domain name 153 */ 154 @Override 155 public boolean isValid(String domain) { 156 if (domain == null) { 157 return false; 158 } 159 String asciiDomain = unicodeToASCII(domain); 160 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode 161 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode 162 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII 163 // checks in the regexes below 164 if (asciiDomain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) { 165 return false; 166 } 167 String[] groups = domainRegex.match(asciiDomain); 168 if (groups != null && groups.length > 0) { 169 return isValidTld(groups[0]); 170 } 171 return allowLocal && hostnameRegex.isValid(asciiDomain); 172 } 173 174 @Override 175 public String getValidatorName() { 176 return null; 177 } 178 179 // package protected for unit test access 180 // must agree with isValid() above 181 boolean isValidDomainSyntax(String domain) { 182 if (domain == null) { 183 return false; 184 } 185 String asciiDomain = unicodeToASCII(domain); 186 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode 187 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode 188 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII 189 // checks in the regexes below 190 if (asciiDomain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) { 191 return false; 192 } 193 String[] groups = domainRegex.match(asciiDomain); 194 return (groups != null && groups.length > 0) 195 || hostnameRegex.isValid(asciiDomain); 196 } 197 198 /** 199 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 200 * IANA-defined top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present. 201 * The search is case-insensitive. 202 * @param tld the parameter to check for TLD status, not null 203 * @return true if the parameter is a TLD 204 */ 205 public boolean isValidTld(String tld) { 206 String asciiTld = unicodeToASCII(tld); 207 if (allowLocal && isValidLocalTld(asciiTld)) { 208 return true; 209 } 210 return isValidInfrastructureTld(asciiTld) 211 || isValidGenericTld(asciiTld) 212 || isValidCountryCodeTld(asciiTld); 213 } 214 215 /** 216 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 217 * IANA-defined infrastructure top-level domain. Leading dots are 218 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 219 * @param iTld the parameter to check for infrastructure TLD status, not null 220 * @return true if the parameter is an infrastructure TLD 221 */ 222 public boolean isValidInfrastructureTld(String iTld) { 223 if (iTld == null) return false; 224 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(iTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 225 return arrayContains(INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS, key); 226 } 227 228 /** 229 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 230 * IANA-defined generic top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored 231 * if present. The search is case-insensitive. 232 * @param gTld the parameter to check for generic TLD status, not null 233 * @return true if the parameter is a generic TLD 234 */ 235 public boolean isValidGenericTld(String gTld) { 236 if (gTld == null) return false; 237 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(gTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 238 return (arrayContains(GENERIC_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(genericTLDsPlus, key)) 239 && !arrayContains(genericTLDsMinus, key); 240 } 241 242 /** 243 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 244 * IANA-defined country code top-level domain. Leading dots are 245 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 246 * @param ccTld the parameter to check for country code TLD status, not null 247 * @return true if the parameter is a country code TLD 248 */ 249 public boolean isValidCountryCodeTld(String ccTld) { 250 if (ccTld == null) return false; 251 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(ccTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 252 return (arrayContains(COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsPlus, key)) 253 && !arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsMinus, key); 254 } 255 256 /** 257 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 258 * widely used "local" domains (localhost or localdomain). Leading dots are 259 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 260 * @param lTld the parameter to check for local TLD status, not null 261 * @return true if the parameter is an local TLD 262 */ 263 public boolean isValidLocalTld(String lTld) { 264 if (lTld == null) return false; 265 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(lTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 266 return arrayContains(LOCAL_TLDS, key); 267 } 268 269 private static String chompLeadingDot(String str) { 270 if (str.startsWith(".")) { 271 return str.substring(1); 272 } 273 return str; 274 } 275 276 // --------------------------------------------- 277 // ----- TLDs defined by IANA 278 // ----- Authoritative and comprehensive list at: 279 // ----- http://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt 280 281 // Note that the above list is in UPPER case. 282 // The code currently converts strings to lower case (as per the tables below) 283 284 // IANA also provide an HTML list at http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db 285 // Note that this contains several country code entries which are NOT in 286 // the text file. These all have the "Not assigned" in the "Sponsoring Organisation" column 287 // For example (as of 2015-01-02): 288 // .bl country-code Not assigned 289 // .um country-code Not assigned 290 291 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 292 private static final String[] INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS = new String[] { 293 "arpa", // internet infrastructure 294 }; 295 296 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 297 private static final String[] GENERIC_TLDS = new String[] { 298 // Taken from Version 2018071800, Last Updated Wed Jul 18 07:07:01 2018 UTC 299 "aaa", // aaa American Automobile Association, Inc. 300 "aarp", // aarp AARP 301 "abarth", // abarth Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 302 "abb", // abb ABB Ltd 303 "abbott", // abbott Abbott Laboratories, Inc. 304 "abbvie", // abbvie AbbVie Inc. 305 "abc", // abc Disney Enterprises, Inc. 306 "able", // able Able Inc. 307 "abogado", // abogado Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 308 "abudhabi", // abudhabi Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre 309 "academy", // academy Half Oaks, LLC 310 "accenture", // accenture Accenture plc 311 "accountant", // accountant dot Accountant Limited 312 "accountants", // accountants Knob Town, LLC 313 "aco", // aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG 314 "active", // active The Active Network, Inc 315 "actor", // actor United TLD Holdco Ltd. 316 "adac", // adac Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC) 317 "ads", // ads Charleston Road Registry Inc. 318 "adult", // adult ICM Registry AD LLC 319 "aeg", // aeg Aktiebolaget Electrolux 320 "aero", // aero Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautique (SITA INC USA) 321 "aetna", // aetna Aetna Life Insurance Company 322 "afamilycompany", // afamilycompany Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 323 "afl", // afl Australian Football League 324 "africa", // africa ZA Central Registry NPC trading as Registry.Africa 325 "agakhan", // agakhan Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 326 "agency", // agency Steel Falls, LLC 327 "aig", // aig American International Group, Inc. 328 "aigo", // aigo aigo Digital Technology Co,Ltd. 329 "airbus", // airbus Airbus S.A.S. 330 "airforce", // airforce United TLD Holdco Ltd. 331 "airtel", // airtel Bharti Airtel Limited 332 "akdn", // akdn Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 333 "alfaromeo", // alfaromeo Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 334 "alibaba", // alibaba Alibaba Group Holding Limited 335 "alipay", // alipay Alibaba Group Holding Limited 336 "allfinanz", // allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft 337 "allstate", // allstate Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company 338 "ally", // ally Ally Financial Inc. 339 "alsace", // alsace REGION D ALSACE 340 "alstom", // alstom ALSTOM 341 "americanexpress", // americanexpress American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. 342 "americanfamily", // americanfamily AmFam, Inc. 343 "amex", // amex American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. 344 "amfam", // amfam AmFam, Inc. 345 "amica", // amica Amica Mutual Insurance Company 346 "amsterdam", // amsterdam Gemeente Amsterdam 347 "analytics", // analytics Campus IP LLC 348 "android", // android Charleston Road Registry Inc. 349 "anquan", // anquan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 350 "anz", // anz Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited 351 "aol", // aol AOL Inc. 352 "apartments", // apartments June Maple, LLC 353 "app", // app Charleston Road Registry Inc. 354 "apple", // apple Apple Inc. 355 "aquarelle", // aquarelle Aquarelle.com 356 "arab", // arab League of Arab States 357 "aramco", // aramco Aramco Services Company 358 "archi", // archi STARTING DOT LIMITED 359 "army", // army United TLD Holdco Ltd. 360 "art", // art UK Creative Ideas Limited 361 "arte", // arte Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E. 362 "asda", // asda Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 363 "asia", // asia DotAsia Organisation Ltd. 364 "associates", // associates Baxter Hill, LLC 365 "athleta", // athleta The Gap, Inc. 366 "attorney", // attorney United TLD Holdco, Ltd 367 "auction", // auction United TLD HoldCo, Ltd. 368 "audi", // audi AUDI Aktiengesellschaft 369 "audible", // audible Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 370 "audio", // audio Uniregistry, Corp. 371 "auspost", // auspost Australian Postal Corporation 372 "author", // author Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 373 "auto", // auto Uniregistry, Corp. 374 "autos", // autos DERAutos, LLC 375 "avianca", // avianca Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A. Avianca 376 "aws", // aws Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 377 "axa", // axa AXA SA 378 "azure", // azure Microsoft Corporation 379 "baby", // baby Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. 380 "baidu", // baidu Baidu, Inc. 381 "banamex", // banamex Citigroup Inc. 382 "bananarepublic", // bananarepublic The Gap, Inc. 383 "band", // band United TLD Holdco, Ltd 384 "bank", // bank fTLD Registry Services, LLC 385 "bar", // bar Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable 386 "barcelona", // barcelona Municipi de Barcelona 387 "barclaycard", // barclaycard Barclays Bank PLC 388 "barclays", // barclays Barclays Bank PLC 389 "barefoot", // barefoot Gallo Vineyards, Inc. 390 "bargains", // bargains Half Hallow, LLC 391 "baseball", // baseball MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC 392 "basketball", // basketball Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA) 393 "bauhaus", // bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH 394 "bayern", // bayern Bayern Connect GmbH 395 "bbc", // bbc British Broadcasting Corporation 396 "bbt", // bbt BB&T Corporation 397 "bbva", // bbva BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A. 398 "bcg", // bcg The Boston Consulting Group, Inc. 399 "bcn", // bcn Municipi de Barcelona 400 "beats", // beats Beats Electronics, LLC 401 "beauty", // beauty L'Oréal 402 "beer", // beer Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 403 "bentley", // bentley Bentley Motors Limited 404 "berlin", // berlin dotBERLIN GmbH & Co. KG 405 "best", // best BestTLD Pty Ltd 406 "bestbuy", // bestbuy BBY Solutions, Inc. 407 "bet", // bet Afilias plc 408 "bharti", // bharti Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited 409 "bible", // bible American Bible Society 410 "bid", // bid dot Bid Limited 411 "bike", // bike Grand Hollow, LLC 412 "bing", // bing Microsoft Corporation 413 "bingo", // bingo Sand Cedar, LLC 414 "bio", // bio STARTING DOT LIMITED 415 "biz", // biz Neustar, Inc. 416 "black", // black Afilias Limited 417 "blackfriday", // blackfriday Uniregistry, Corp. 418 "blanco", // blanco BLANCO GmbH + Co KG 419 "blockbuster", // blockbuster Dish DBS Corporation 420 "blog", // blog Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC 421 "bloomberg", // bloomberg Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC 422 "blue", // blue Afilias Limited 423 "bms", // bms Bristol-Myers Squibb Company 424 "bmw", // bmw Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft 425 "bnl", // bnl Banca Nazionale del Lavoro 426 "bnpparibas", // bnpparibas BNP Paribas 427 "boats", // boats DERBoats, LLC 428 "boehringer", // boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH 429 "bofa", // bofa NMS Services, Inc. 430 "bom", // bom Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br 431 "bond", // bond Bond University Limited 432 "boo", // boo Charleston Road Registry Inc. 433 "book", // book Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 434 "booking", // booking Booking.com B.V. 435 "bosch", // bosch Robert Bosch GMBH 436 "bostik", // bostik Bostik SA 437 "boston", // boston Boston TLD Management, LLC 438 "bot", // bot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 439 "boutique", // boutique Over Galley, LLC 440 "box", // box NS1 Limited 441 "bradesco", // bradesco Banco Bradesco S.A. 442 "bridgestone", // bridgestone Bridgestone Corporation 443 "broadway", // broadway Celebrate Broadway, Inc. 444 "broker", // broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD 445 "brother", // brother Brother Industries, Ltd. 446 "brussels", // brussels DNS.be vzw 447 "budapest", // budapest Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 448 "bugatti", // bugatti Bugatti International SA 449 "build", // build Plan Bee LLC 450 "builders", // builders Atomic Madison, LLC 451 "business", // business Spring Cross, LLC 452 "buy", // buy Amazon Registry Services, INC 453 "buzz", // buzz DOTSTRATEGY CO. 454 "bzh", // bzh Association www.bzh 455 "cab", // cab Half Sunset, LLC 456 "cafe", // cafe Pioneer Canyon, LLC 457 "cal", // cal Charleston Road Registry Inc. 458 "call", // call Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 459 "calvinklein", // calvinklein PVH gTLD Holdings LLC 460 "cam", // cam AC Webconnecting Holding B.V. 461 "camera", // camera Atomic Maple, LLC 462 "camp", // camp Delta Dynamite, LLC 463 "cancerresearch", // cancerresearch Australian Cancer Research Foundation 464 "canon", // canon Canon Inc. 465 "capetown", // capetown ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 466 "capital", // capital Delta Mill, LLC 467 "capitalone", // capitalone Capital One Financial Corporation 468 "car", // car Cars Registry Limited 469 "caravan", // caravan Caravan International, Inc. 470 "cards", // cards Foggy Hollow, LLC 471 "care", // care Goose Cross, LLC 472 "career", // career dotCareer LLC 473 "careers", // careers Wild Corner, LLC 474 "cars", // cars Uniregistry, Corp. 475 "cartier", // cartier Richemont DNS Inc. 476 "casa", // casa Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 477 "case", // case CNH Industrial N.V. 478 "caseih", // caseih CNH Industrial N.V. 479 "cash", // cash Delta Lake, LLC 480 "casino", // casino Binky Sky, LLC 481 "cat", // cat Fundacio puntCAT 482 "catering", // catering New Falls. LLC 483 "catholic", // catholic Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 484 "cba", // cba COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 485 "cbn", // cbn The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc. 486 "cbre", // cbre CBRE, Inc. 487 "cbs", // cbs CBS Domains Inc. 488 "ceb", // ceb The Corporate Executive Board Company 489 "center", // center Tin Mill, LLC 490 "ceo", // ceo CEOTLD Pty Ltd 491 "cern", // cern European Organization for Nuclear Research ("CERN") 492 "cfa", // cfa CFA Institute 493 "cfd", // cfd DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD 494 "chanel", // chanel Chanel International B.V. 495 "channel", // channel Charleston Road Registry Inc. 496 "charity", // charity Corn Lake, LLC 497 "chase", // chase JPMorgan Chase & Co. 498 "chat", // chat Sand Fields, LLC 499 "cheap", // cheap Sand Cover, LLC 500 "chintai", // chintai CHINTAI Corporation 501 "christmas", // christmas Uniregistry, Corp. 502 "chrome", // chrome Charleston Road Registry Inc. 503 "chrysler", // chrysler FCA US LLC. 504 "church", // church Holly Fileds, LLC 505 "cipriani", // cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl 506 "circle", // circle Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 507 "cisco", // cisco Cisco Technology, Inc. 508 "citadel", // citadel Citadel Domain LLC 509 "citi", // citi Citigroup Inc. 510 "citic", // citic CITIC Group Corporation 511 "city", // city Snow Sky, LLC 512 "cityeats", // cityeats Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 513 "claims", // claims Black Corner, LLC 514 "cleaning", // cleaning Fox Shadow, LLC 515 "click", // click Uniregistry, Corp. 516 "clinic", // clinic Goose Park, LLC 517 "clinique", // clinique The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 518 "clothing", // clothing Steel Lake, LLC 519 "cloud", // cloud ARUBA S.p.A. 520 "club", // club .CLUB DOMAINS, LLC 521 "clubmed", // clubmed Club Méditerranée S.A. 522 "coach", // coach Koko Island, LLC 523 "codes", // codes Puff Willow, LLC 524 "coffee", // coffee Trixy Cover, LLC 525 "college", // college XYZ.COM LLC 526 "cologne", // cologne NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH 527 "com", // com VeriSign Global Registry Services 528 "comcast", // comcast Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC 529 "commbank", // commbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 530 "community", // community Fox Orchard, LLC 531 "company", // company Silver Avenue, LLC 532 "compare", // compare iSelect Ltd 533 "computer", // computer Pine Mill, LLC 534 "comsec", // comsec VeriSign, Inc. 535 "condos", // condos Pine House, LLC 536 "construction", // construction Fox Dynamite, LLC 537 "consulting", // consulting United TLD Holdco, LTD. 538 "contact", // contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 539 "contractors", // contractors Magic Woods, LLC 540 "cooking", // cooking Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 541 "cookingchannel", // cookingchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 542 "cool", // cool Koko Lake, LLC 543 "coop", // coop DotCooperation LLC 544 "corsica", // corsica Collectivité Territoriale de Corse 545 "country", // country Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 546 "coupon", // coupon Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 547 "coupons", // coupons Black Island, LLC 548 "courses", // courses OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 549 "credit", // credit Snow Shadow, LLC 550 "creditcard", // creditcard Binky Frostbite, LLC 551 "creditunion", // creditunion CUNA Performance Resources, LLC 552 "cricket", // cricket dot Cricket Limited 553 "crown", // crown Crown Equipment Corporation 554 "crs", // crs Federated Co-operatives Limited 555 "cruise", // cruise Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd. 556 "cruises", // cruises Spring Way, LLC 557 "csc", // csc Alliance-One Services, Inc. 558 "cuisinella", // cuisinella SALM S.A.S. 559 "cymru", // cymru Nominet UK 560 "cyou", // cyou Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. 561 "dabur", // dabur Dabur India Limited 562 "dad", // dad Charleston Road Registry Inc. 563 "dance", // dance United TLD Holdco Ltd. 564 "data", // data Dish DBS Corporation 565 "date", // date dot Date Limited 566 "dating", // dating Pine Fest, LLC 567 "datsun", // datsun NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 568 "day", // day Charleston Road Registry Inc. 569 "dclk", // dclk Charleston Road Registry Inc. 570 "dds", // dds Minds + Machines Group Limited 571 "deal", // deal Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 572 "dealer", // dealer Dealer Dot Com, Inc. 573 "deals", // deals Sand Sunset, LLC 574 "degree", // degree United TLD Holdco, Ltd 575 "delivery", // delivery Steel Station, LLC 576 "dell", // dell Dell Inc. 577 "deloitte", // deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu 578 "delta", // delta Delta Air Lines, Inc. 579 "democrat", // democrat United TLD Holdco Ltd. 580 "dental", // dental Tin Birch, LLC 581 "dentist", // dentist United TLD Holdco, Ltd 582 "desi", // desi Desi Networks LLC 583 "design", // design Top Level Design, LLC 584 "dev", // dev Charleston Road Registry Inc. 585 "dhl", // dhl Deutsche Post AG 586 "diamonds", // diamonds John Edge, LLC 587 "diet", // diet Uniregistry, Corp. 588 "digital", // digital Dash Park, LLC 589 "direct", // direct Half Trail, LLC 590 "directory", // directory Extra Madison, LLC 591 "discount", // discount Holly Hill, LLC 592 "discover", // discover Discover Financial Services 593 "dish", // dish Dish DBS Corporation 594 "diy", // diy Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 595 "dnp", // dnp Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. 596 "docs", // docs Charleston Road Registry Inc. 597 "doctor", // doctor Brice Trail, LLC 598 "dodge", // dodge FCA US LLC. 599 "dog", // dog Koko Mill, LLC 600 "doha", // doha Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA) 601 "domains", // domains Sugar Cross, LLC 602 "dot", // dot Dish DBS Corporation 603 "download", // download dot Support Limited 604 "drive", // drive Charleston Road Registry Inc. 605 "dtv", // dtv Dish DBS Corporation 606 "dubai", // dubai Dubai Smart Government Department 607 "duck", // duck Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 608 "dunlop", // dunlop The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company 609 "duns", // duns The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation 610 "dupont", // dupont E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company 611 "durban", // durban ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 612 "dvag", // dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 613 "dvr", // dvr Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation 614 "earth", // earth Interlink Co., Ltd. 615 "eat", // eat Charleston Road Registry Inc. 616 "eco", // eco Big Room Inc. 617 "edeka", // edeka EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V. 618 "edu", // edu EDUCAUSE 619 "education", // education Brice Way, LLC 620 "email", // email Spring Madison, LLC 621 "emerck", // emerck Merck KGaA 622 "energy", // energy Binky Birch, LLC 623 "engineer", // engineer United TLD Holdco Ltd. 624 "engineering", // engineering Romeo Canyon 625 "enterprises", // enterprises Snow Oaks, LLC 626 "epost", // epost Deutsche Post AG 627 "epson", // epson Seiko Epson Corporation 628 "equipment", // equipment Corn Station, LLC 629 "ericsson", // ericsson Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson 630 "erni", // erni ERNI Group Holding AG 631 "esq", // esq Charleston Road Registry Inc. 632 "estate", // estate Trixy Park, LLC 633 "esurance", // esurance Esurance Insurance Company 634 "etisalat", // etisalat Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat) 635 "eurovision", // eurovision European Broadcasting Union (EBU) 636 "eus", // eus Puntueus Fundazioa 637 "events", // events Pioneer Maple, LLC 638 "everbank", // everbank EverBank 639 "exchange", // exchange Spring Falls, LLC 640 "expert", // expert Magic Pass, LLC 641 "exposed", // exposed Victor Beach, LLC 642 "express", // express Sea Sunset, LLC 643 "extraspace", // extraspace Extra Space Storage LLC 644 "fage", // fage Fage International S.A. 645 "fail", // fail Atomic Pipe, LLC 646 "fairwinds", // fairwinds FairWinds Partners, LLC 647 "faith", // faith dot Faith Limited 648 "family", // family United TLD Holdco Ltd. 649 "fan", // fan Asiamix Digital Ltd 650 "fans", // fans Asiamix Digital Limited 651 "farm", // farm Just Maple, LLC 652 "farmers", // farmers Farmers Insurance Exchange 653 "fashion", // fashion Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 654 "fast", // fast Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 655 "fedex", // fedex Federal Express Corporation 656 "feedback", // feedback Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 657 "ferrari", // ferrari Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 658 "ferrero", // ferrero Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 659 "fiat", // fiat Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 660 "fidelity", // fidelity Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC 661 "fido", // fido Rogers Communications Canada Inc. 662 "film", // film Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd 663 "final", // final Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br 664 "finance", // finance Cotton Cypress, LLC 665 "financial", // financial Just Cover, LLC 666 "fire", // fire Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 667 "firestone", // firestone Bridgestone Corporation 668 "firmdale", // firmdale Firmdale Holdings Limited 669 "fish", // fish Fox Woods, LLC 670 "fishing", // fishing Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 671 "fit", // fit Minds + Machines Group Limited 672 "fitness", // fitness Brice Orchard, LLC 673 "flickr", // flickr Yahoo! Domain Services Inc. 674 "flights", // flights Fox Station, LLC 675 "flir", // flir FLIR Systems, Inc. 676 "florist", // florist Half Cypress, LLC 677 "flowers", // flowers Uniregistry, Corp. 678 "fly", // fly Charleston Road Registry Inc. 679 "foo", // foo Charleston Road Registry Inc. 680 "food", // food Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 681 "foodnetwork", // foodnetwork Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 682 "football", // football Foggy Farms, LLC 683 "ford", // ford Ford Motor Company 684 "forex", // forex DOTFOREX REGISTRY LTD 685 "forsale", // forsale United TLD Holdco, LLC 686 "forum", // forum Fegistry, LLC 687 "foundation", // foundation John Dale, LLC 688 "fox", // fox FOX Registry, LLC 689 "free", // free Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 690 "fresenius", // fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH 691 "frl", // frl FRLregistry B.V. 692 "frogans", // frogans OP3FT 693 "frontdoor", // frontdoor Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 694 "frontier", // frontier Frontier Communications Corporation 695 "ftr", // ftr Frontier Communications Corporation 696 "fujitsu", // fujitsu Fujitsu Limited 697 "fujixerox", // fujixerox Xerox DNHC LLC 698 "fun", // fun DotSpace, Inc. 699 "fund", // fund John Castle, LLC 700 "furniture", // furniture Lone Fields, LLC 701 "futbol", // futbol United TLD Holdco, Ltd. 702 "fyi", // fyi Silver Tigers, LLC 703 "gal", // gal Asociación puntoGAL 704 "gallery", // gallery Sugar House, LLC 705 "gallo", // gallo Gallo Vineyards, Inc. 706 "gallup", // gallup Gallup, Inc. 707 "game", // game Uniregistry, Corp. 708 "games", // games United TLD Holdco Ltd. 709 "gap", // gap The Gap, Inc. 710 "garden", // garden Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 711 "gbiz", // gbiz Charleston Road Registry Inc. 712 "gdn", // gdn Joint Stock Company "Navigation-information systems" 713 "gea", // gea GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft 714 "gent", // gent COMBELL GROUP NV/SA 715 "genting", // genting Resorts World Inc. Pte. Ltd. 716 "george", // george Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 717 "ggee", // ggee GMO Internet, Inc. 718 "gift", // gift Uniregistry, Corp. 719 "gifts", // gifts Goose Sky, LLC 720 "gives", // gives United TLD Holdco Ltd. 721 "giving", // giving Giving Limited 722 "glade", // glade Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 723 "glass", // glass Black Cover, LLC 724 "gle", // gle Charleston Road Registry Inc. 725 "global", // global Dot Global Domain Registry Limited 726 "globo", // globo Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A 727 "gmail", // gmail Charleston Road Registry Inc. 728 "gmbh", // gmbh Extra Dynamite, LLC 729 "gmo", // gmo GMO Internet, Inc. 730 "gmx", // gmx 1&1 Mail & Media GmbH 731 "godaddy", // godaddy Go Daddy East, LLC 732 "gold", // gold June Edge, LLC 733 "goldpoint", // goldpoint YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD. 734 "golf", // golf Lone Falls, LLC 735 "goo", // goo NTT Resonant Inc. 736 "goodhands", // goodhands Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company 737 "goodyear", // goodyear The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company 738 "goog", // goog Charleston Road Registry Inc. 739 "google", // google Charleston Road Registry Inc. 740 "gop", // gop Republican State Leadership Committee, Inc. 741 "got", // got Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 742 "gov", // gov General Services Administration Attn: QTDC, 2E08 (.gov Domain Registration) 743 "grainger", // grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC 744 "graphics", // graphics Over Madison, LLC 745 "gratis", // gratis Pioneer Tigers, LLC 746 "green", // green Afilias Limited 747 "gripe", // gripe Corn Sunset, LLC 748 "grocery", // grocery Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 749 "group", // group Romeo Town, LLC 750 "guardian", // guardian The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America 751 "gucci", // gucci Guccio Gucci S.p.a. 752 "guge", // guge Charleston Road Registry Inc. 753 "guide", // guide Snow Moon, LLC 754 "guitars", // guitars Uniregistry, Corp. 755 "guru", // guru Pioneer Cypress, LLC 756 "hair", // hair L'Oreal 757 "hamburg", // hamburg Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH 758 "hangout", // hangout Charleston Road Registry Inc. 759 "haus", // haus United TLD Holdco, LTD. 760 "hbo", // hbo HBO Registry Services, Inc. 761 "hdfc", // hdfc HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED 762 "hdfcbank", // hdfcbank HDFC Bank Limited 763 "health", // health DotHealth, LLC 764 "healthcare", // healthcare Silver Glen, LLC 765 "help", // help Uniregistry, Corp. 766 "helsinki", // helsinki City of Helsinki 767 "here", // here Charleston Road Registry Inc. 768 "hermes", // hermes Hermes International 769 "hgtv", // hgtv Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 770 "hiphop", // hiphop Uniregistry, Corp. 771 "hisamitsu", // hisamitsu Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co.,Inc. 772 "hitachi", // hitachi Hitachi, Ltd. 773 "hiv", // hiv dotHIV gemeinnuetziger e.V. 774 "hkt", // hkt PCCW-HKT DataCom Services Limited 775 "hockey", // hockey Half Willow, LLC 776 "holdings", // holdings John Madison, LLC 777 "holiday", // holiday Goose Woods, LLC 778 "homedepot", // homedepot Homer TLC, Inc. 779 "homegoods", // homegoods The TJX Companies, Inc. 780 "homes", // homes DERHomes, LLC 781 "homesense", // homesense The TJX Companies, Inc. 782 "honda", // honda Honda Motor Co., Ltd. 783 "honeywell", // honeywell Honeywell GTLD LLC 784 "horse", // horse Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 785 "hospital", // hospital Ruby Pike, LLC 786 "host", // host DotHost Inc. 787 "hosting", // hosting Uniregistry, Corp. 788 "hot", // hot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 789 "hoteles", // hoteles Travel Reservations SRL 790 "hotels", // hotels Booking.com B.V. 791 "hotmail", // hotmail Microsoft Corporation 792 "house", // house Sugar Park, LLC 793 "how", // how Charleston Road Registry Inc. 794 "hsbc", // hsbc HSBC Holdings PLC 795 "hughes", // hughes Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation 796 "hyatt", // hyatt Hyatt GTLD, L.L.C. 797 "hyundai", // hyundai Hyundai Motor Company 798 "ibm", // ibm International Business Machines Corporation 799 "icbc", // icbc Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited 800 "ice", // ice IntercontinentalExchange, Inc. 801 "icu", // icu One.com A/S 802 "ieee", // ieee IEEE Global LLC 803 "ifm", // ifm ifm electronic gmbh 804 "ikano", // ikano Ikano S.A. 805 "imamat", // imamat Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 806 "imdb", // imdb Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 807 "immo", // immo Auburn Bloom, LLC 808 "immobilien", // immobilien United TLD Holdco Ltd. 809 "inc", // inc Intercap Holdings Inc. 810 "industries", // industries Outer House, LLC 811 "infiniti", // infiniti NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 812 "info", // info Afilias Limited 813 "ing", // ing Charleston Road Registry Inc. 814 "ink", // ink Top Level Design, LLC 815 "institute", // institute Outer Maple, LLC 816 "insurance", // insurance fTLD Registry Services LLC 817 "insure", // insure Pioneer Willow, LLC 818 "int", // int Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 819 "intel", // intel Intel Corporation 820 "international", // international Wild Way, LLC 821 "intuit", // intuit Intuit Administrative Services, Inc. 822 "investments", // investments Holly Glen, LLC 823 "ipiranga", // ipiranga Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A. 824 "irish", // irish Dot-Irish LLC 825 "iselect", // iselect iSelect Ltd 826 "ismaili", // ismaili Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 827 "ist", // ist Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality 828 "istanbul", // istanbul Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality / Medya A.S. 829 "itau", // itau Itau Unibanco Holding S.A. 830 "itv", // itv ITV Services Limited 831 "iveco", // iveco CNH Industrial N.V. 832 "jaguar", // jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Ltd 833 "java", // java Oracle Corporation 834 "jcb", // jcb JCB Co., Ltd. 835 "jcp", // jcp JCP Media, Inc. 836 "jeep", // jeep FCA US LLC. 837 "jetzt", // jetzt New TLD Company AB 838 "jewelry", // jewelry Wild Bloom, LLC 839 "jio", // jio Affinity Names, Inc. 840 "jlc", // jlc Richemont DNS Inc. 841 "jll", // jll Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated 842 "jmp", // jmp Matrix IP LLC 843 "jnj", // jnj Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. 844 "jobs", // jobs Employ Media LLC 845 "joburg", // joburg ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 846 "jot", // jot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 847 "joy", // joy Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 848 "jpmorgan", // jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase & Co. 849 "jprs", // jprs Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd. 850 "juegos", // juegos Uniregistry, Corp. 851 "juniper", // juniper JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC. 852 "kaufen", // kaufen United TLD Holdco Ltd. 853 "kddi", // kddi KDDI CORPORATION 854 "kerryhotels", // kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited 855 "kerrylogistics", // kerrylogistics Kerry Trading Co. Limited 856 "kerryproperties", // kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited 857 "kfh", // kfh Kuwait Finance House 858 "kia", // kia KIA MOTORS CORPORATION 859 "kim", // kim Afilias Limited 860 "kinder", // kinder Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 861 "kindle", // kindle Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 862 "kitchen", // kitchen Just Goodbye, LLC 863 "kiwi", // kiwi DOT KIWI LIMITED 864 "koeln", // koeln NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH 865 "komatsu", // komatsu Komatsu Ltd. 866 "kosher", // kosher Kosher Marketing Assets LLC 867 "kpmg", // kpmg KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International Genossenschaft) 868 "kpn", // kpn Koninklijke KPN N.V. 869 "krd", // krd KRG Department of Information Technology 870 "kred", // kred KredTLD Pty Ltd 871 "kuokgroup", // kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited 872 "kyoto", // kyoto Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen 873 "lacaixa", // lacaixa CAIXA D'ESTALVIS I PENSIONS DE BARCELONA 874 "ladbrokes", // ladbrokes LADBROKES INTERNATIONAL PLC 875 "lamborghini", // lamborghini Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 876 "lamer", // lamer The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 877 "lancaster", // lancaster LANCASTER 878 "lancia", // lancia Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 879 "lancome", // lancome L'Oréal 880 "land", // land Pine Moon, LLC 881 "landrover", // landrover Jaguar Land Rover Ltd 882 "lanxess", // lanxess LANXESS Corporation 883 "lasalle", // lasalle Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated 884 "lat", // lat ECOM-LAC Federación de Latinoamérica y el Caribe para Internet y el Comercio Electrónico 885 "latino", // latino Dish DBS Corporation 886 "latrobe", // latrobe La Trobe University 887 "law", // law Minds + Machines Group Limited 888 "lawyer", // lawyer United TLD Holdco, Ltd 889 "lds", // lds IRI Domain Management, LLC 890 "lease", // lease Victor Trail, LLC 891 "leclerc", // leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc 892 "lefrak", // lefrak LeFrak Organization, Inc. 893 "legal", // legal Blue Falls, LLC 894 "lego", // lego LEGO Juris A/S 895 "lexus", // lexus TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 896 "lgbt", // lgbt Afilias Limited 897 "liaison", // liaison Liaison Technologies, Incorporated 898 "lidl", // lidl Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG 899 "life", // life Trixy Oaks, LLC 900 "lifeinsurance", // lifeinsurance American Council of Life Insurers 901 "lifestyle", // lifestyle Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 902 "lighting", // lighting John McCook, LLC 903 "like", // like Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 904 "lilly", // lilly Eli Lilly and Company 905 "limited", // limited Big Fest, LLC 906 "limo", // limo Hidden Frostbite, LLC 907 "lincoln", // lincoln Ford Motor Company 908 "linde", // linde Linde Aktiengesellschaft 909 "link", // link Uniregistry, Corp. 910 "lipsy", // lipsy Lipsy Ltd 911 "live", // live United TLD Holdco Ltd. 912 "living", // living Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 913 "lixil", // lixil LIXIL Group Corporation 914 "llc", // llc Afilias plc 915 "loan", // loan dot Loan Limited 916 "loans", // loans June Woods, LLC 917 "locker", // locker Dish DBS Corporation 918 "locus", // locus Locus Analytics LLC 919 "loft", // loft Annco, Inc. 920 "lol", // lol Uniregistry, Corp. 921 "london", // london Dot London Domains Limited 922 "lotte", // lotte Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd. 923 "lotto", // lotto Afilias Limited 924 "love", // love Merchant Law Group LLP 925 "lpl", // lpl LPL Holdings, Inc. 926 "lplfinancial", // lplfinancial LPL Holdings, Inc. 927 "ltd", // ltd Over Corner, LLC 928 "ltda", // ltda InterNetX Corp. 929 "lundbeck", // lundbeck H. Lundbeck A/S 930 "lupin", // lupin LUPIN LIMITED 931 "luxe", // luxe Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 932 "luxury", // luxury Luxury Partners LLC 933 "macys", // macys Macys, Inc. 934 "madrid", // madrid Comunidad de Madrid 935 "maif", // maif Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF) 936 "maison", // maison Victor Frostbite, LLC 937 "makeup", // makeup L'Oréal 938 "man", // man MAN SE 939 "management", // management John Goodbye, LLC 940 "mango", // mango PUNTO FA S.L. 941 "map", // map Charleston Road Registry Inc. 942 "market", // market Unitied TLD Holdco, Ltd 943 "marketing", // marketing Fern Pass, LLC 944 "markets", // markets DOTMARKETS REGISTRY LTD 945 "marriott", // marriott Marriott Worldwide Corporation 946 "marshalls", // marshalls The TJX Companies, Inc. 947 "maserati", // maserati Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 948 "mattel", // mattel Mattel Sites, Inc. 949 "mba", // mba Lone Hollow, LLC 950 "mckinsey", // mckinsey McKinsey Holdings, Inc. 951 "med", // med Medistry LLC 952 "media", // media Grand Glen, LLC 953 "meet", // meet Afilias Limited 954 "melbourne", // melbourne The Crown in right of the State of Victoria 955 "meme", // meme Charleston Road Registry Inc. 956 "memorial", // memorial Dog Beach, LLC 957 "men", // men Exclusive Registry Limited 958 "menu", // menu Wedding TLD2, LLC 959 "merckmsd", // merckmsd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc. 960 "metlife", // metlife MetLife Services and Solutions, LLC 961 "miami", // miami Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 962 "microsoft", // microsoft Microsoft Corporation 963 "mil", // mil DoD Network Information Center 964 "mini", // mini Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft 965 "mint", // mint Intuit Administrative Services, Inc. 966 "mit", // mit Massachusetts Institute of Technology 967 "mitsubishi", // mitsubishi Mitsubishi Corporation 968 "mlb", // mlb MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC 969 "mls", // mls The Canadian Real Estate Association 970 "mma", // mma MMA IARD 971 "mobi", // mobi Afilias Technologies Limited dba dotMobi 972 "mobile", // mobile Dish DBS Corporation 973 "mobily", // mobily GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L. 974 "moda", // moda United TLD Holdco Ltd. 975 "moe", // moe Interlink Co., Ltd. 976 "moi", // moi Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 977 "mom", // mom Uniregistry, Corp. 978 "monash", // monash Monash University 979 "money", // money Outer McCook, LLC 980 "monster", // monster Monster Worldwide, Inc. 981 "mopar", // mopar FCA US LLC. 982 "mormon", // mormon IRI Domain Management, LLC ("Applicant") 983 "mortgage", // mortgage United TLD Holdco, Ltd 984 "moscow", // moscow Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID) 985 "moto", // moto Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC 986 "motorcycles", // motorcycles DERMotorcycles, LLC 987 "mov", // mov Charleston Road Registry Inc. 988 "movie", // movie New Frostbite, LLC 989 "movistar", // movistar Telefónica S.A. 990 "msd", // msd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc. 991 "mtn", // mtn MTN Dubai Limited 992 "mtr", // mtr MTR Corporation Limited 993 "museum", // museum Museum Domain Management Association 994 "mutual", // mutual Northwestern Mutual MU TLD Registry, LLC 995 "nab", // nab National Australia Bank Limited 996 "nadex", // nadex Nadex Domains, Inc 997 "nagoya", // nagoya GMO Registry, Inc. 998 "name", // name VeriSign Information Services, Inc. 999 "nationwide", // nationwide Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company 1000 "natura", // natura NATURA COSMÉTICOS S.A. 1001 "navy", // navy United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1002 "nba", // nba NBA REGISTRY, LLC 1003 "nec", // nec NEC Corporation 1004 "net", // net VeriSign Global Registry Services 1005 "netbank", // netbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 1006 "netflix", // netflix Netflix, Inc. 1007 "network", // network Trixy Manor, LLC 1008 "neustar", // neustar NeuStar, Inc. 1009 "new", // new Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1010 "newholland", // newholland CNH Industrial N.V. 1011 "news", // news United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1012 "next", // next Next plc 1013 "nextdirect", // nextdirect Next plc 1014 "nexus", // nexus Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1015 "nfl", // nfl NFL Reg Ops LLC 1016 "ngo", // ngo Public Interest Registry 1017 "nhk", // nhk Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) 1018 "nico", // nico DWANGO Co., Ltd. 1019 "nike", // nike NIKE, Inc. 1020 "nikon", // nikon NIKON CORPORATION 1021 "ninja", // ninja United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1022 "nissan", // nissan NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 1023 "nissay", // nissay Nippon Life Insurance Company 1024 "nokia", // nokia Nokia Corporation 1025 "northwesternmutual", // northwesternmutual Northwestern Mutual Registry, LLC 1026 "norton", // norton Symantec Corporation 1027 "now", // now Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 1028 "nowruz", // nowruz Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1029 "nowtv", // nowtv Starbucks (HK) Limited 1030 "nra", // nra NRA Holdings Company, INC. 1031 "nrw", // nrw Minds + Machines GmbH 1032 "ntt", // ntt NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION 1033 "nyc", // nyc The City of New York by and through the New York City Department of Information Technology & Telecommunications 1034 "obi", // obi OBI Group Holding SE & Co. KGaA 1035 "observer", // observer Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 1036 "off", // off Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1037 "office", // office Microsoft Corporation 1038 "okinawa", // okinawa BusinessRalliart inc. 1039 "olayan", // olayan Crescent Holding GmbH 1040 "olayangroup", // olayangroup Crescent Holding GmbH 1041 "oldnavy", // oldnavy The Gap, Inc. 1042 "ollo", // ollo Dish DBS Corporation 1043 "omega", // omega The Swatch Group Ltd 1044 "one", // one One.com A/S 1045 "ong", // ong Public Interest Registry 1046 "onl", // onl I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland 1047 "online", // online DotOnline Inc. 1048 "onyourside", // onyourside Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company 1049 "ooo", // ooo INFIBEAM INCORPORATION LIMITED 1050 "open", // open American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. 1051 "oracle", // oracle Oracle Corporation 1052 "orange", // orange Orange Brand Services Limited 1053 "org", // org Public Interest Registry (PIR) 1054 "organic", // organic Afilias Limited 1055 "origins", // origins The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 1056 "osaka", // osaka Interlink Co., Ltd. 1057 "otsuka", // otsuka Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd. 1058 "ott", // ott Dish DBS Corporation 1059 "ovh", // ovh OVH SAS 1060 "page", // page Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1061 "panasonic", // panasonic Panasonic Corporation 1062 "panerai", // panerai Richemont DNS Inc. 1063 "paris", // paris City of Paris 1064 "pars", // pars Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1065 "partners", // partners Magic Glen, LLC 1066 "parts", // parts Sea Goodbye, LLC 1067 "party", // party Blue Sky Registry Limited 1068 "passagens", // passagens Travel Reservations SRL 1069 "pay", // pay Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1070 "pccw", // pccw PCCW Enterprises Limited 1071 "pet", // pet Afilias plc 1072 "pfizer", // pfizer Pfizer Inc. 1073 "pharmacy", // pharmacy National Association of Boards of Pharmacy 1074 "phd", // phd Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1075 "philips", // philips Koninklijke Philips N.V. 1076 "phone", // phone Dish DBS Corporation 1077 "photo", // photo Uniregistry, Corp. 1078 "photography", // photography Sugar Glen, LLC 1079 "photos", // photos Sea Corner, LLC 1080 "physio", // physio PhysBiz Pty Ltd 1081 "piaget", // piaget Richemont DNS Inc. 1082 "pics", // pics Uniregistry, Corp. 1083 "pictet", // pictet Pictet Europe S.A. 1084 "pictures", // pictures Foggy Sky, LLC 1085 "pid", // pid Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 1086 "pin", // pin Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1087 "ping", // ping Ping Registry Provider, Inc. 1088 "pink", // pink Afilias Limited 1089 "pioneer", // pioneer Pioneer Corporation 1090 "pizza", // pizza Foggy Moon, LLC 1091 "place", // place Snow Galley, LLC 1092 "play", // play Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1093 "playstation", // playstation Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. 1094 "plumbing", // plumbing Spring Tigers, LLC 1095 "plus", // plus Sugar Mill, LLC 1096 "pnc", // pnc PNC Domain Co., LLC 1097 "pohl", // pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1098 "poker", // poker Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited 1099 "politie", // politie Politie Nederland 1100 "porn", // porn ICM Registry PN LLC 1101 "post", // post Universal Postal Union 1102 "pramerica", // pramerica Prudential Financial, Inc. 1103 "praxi", // praxi Praxi S.p.A. 1104 "press", // press DotPress Inc. 1105 "prime", // prime Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 1106 "pro", // pro Registry Services Corporation dba RegistryPro 1107 "prod", // prod Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1108 "productions", // productions Magic Birch, LLC 1109 "prof", // prof Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1110 "progressive", // progressive Progressive Casualty Insurance Company 1111 "promo", // promo Afilias plc 1112 "properties", // properties Big Pass, LLC 1113 "property", // property Uniregistry, Corp. 1114 "protection", // protection XYZ.COM LLC 1115 "pru", // pru Prudential Financial, Inc. 1116 "prudential", // prudential Prudential Financial, Inc. 1117 "pub", // pub United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1118 "pwc", // pwc PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 1119 "qpon", // qpon dotCOOL, Inc. 1120 "quebec", // quebec PointQuébec Inc 1121 "quest", // quest Quest ION Limited 1122 "qvc", // qvc QVC, Inc. 1123 "racing", // racing Premier Registry Limited 1124 "radio", // radio European Broadcasting Union (EBU) 1125 "raid", // raid Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1126 "read", // read Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1127 "realestate", // realestate dotRealEstate LLC 1128 "realtor", // realtor Real Estate Domains LLC 1129 "realty", // realty Fegistry, LLC 1130 "recipes", // recipes Grand Island, LLC 1131 "red", // red Afilias Limited 1132 "redstone", // redstone Redstone Haute Couture Co., Ltd. 1133 "redumbrella", // redumbrella Travelers TLD, LLC 1134 "rehab", // rehab United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1135 "reise", // reise Foggy Way, LLC 1136 "reisen", // reisen New Cypress, LLC 1137 "reit", // reit National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc. 1138 "reliance", // reliance Reliance Industries Limited 1139 "ren", // ren Beijing Qianxiang Wangjing Technology Development Co., Ltd. 1140 "rent", // rent XYZ.COM LLC 1141 "rentals", // rentals Big Hollow,LLC 1142 "repair", // repair Lone Sunset, LLC 1143 "report", // report Binky Glen, LLC 1144 "republican", // republican United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1145 "rest", // rest Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable 1146 "restaurant", // restaurant Snow Avenue, LLC 1147 "review", // review dot Review Limited 1148 "reviews", // reviews United TLD Holdco, Ltd. 1149 "rexroth", // rexroth Robert Bosch GMBH 1150 "rich", // rich I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland 1151 "richardli", // richardli Pacific Century Asset Management (HK) Limited 1152 "ricoh", // ricoh Ricoh Company, Ltd. 1153 "rightathome", // rightathome Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1154 "ril", // ril Reliance Industries Limited 1155 "rio", // rio Empresa Municipal de Informática SA - IPLANRIO 1156 "rip", // rip United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1157 "rmit", // rmit Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology 1158 "rocher", // rocher Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 1159 "rocks", // rocks United TLD Holdco, LTD. 1160 "rodeo", // rodeo Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1161 "rogers", // rogers Rogers Communications Canada Inc. 1162 "room", // room Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1163 "rsvp", // rsvp Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1164 "rugby", // rugby World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited 1165 "ruhr", // ruhr regiodot GmbH & Co. KG 1166 "run", // run Snow Park, LLC 1167 "rwe", // rwe RWE AG 1168 "ryukyu", // ryukyu BusinessRalliart inc. 1169 "saarland", // saarland dotSaarland GmbH 1170 "safe", // safe Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1171 "safety", // safety Safety Registry Services, LLC. 1172 "sakura", // sakura SAKURA Internet Inc. 1173 "sale", // sale United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1174 "salon", // salon Outer Orchard, LLC 1175 "samsclub", // samsclub Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 1176 "samsung", // samsung SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD 1177 "sandvik", // sandvik Sandvik AB 1178 "sandvikcoromant", // sandvikcoromant Sandvik AB 1179 "sanofi", // sanofi Sanofi 1180 "sap", // sap SAP AG 1181 "sarl", // sarl Delta Orchard, LLC 1182 "sas", // sas Research IP LLC 1183 "save", // save Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 1184 "saxo", // saxo Saxo Bank A/S 1185 "sbi", // sbi STATE BANK OF INDIA 1186 "sbs", // sbs SPECIAL BROADCASTING SERVICE CORPORATION 1187 "sca", // sca SVENSKA CELLULOSA AKTIEBOLAGET SCA (publ) 1188 "scb", // scb The Siam Commercial Bank Public Company Limited ("SCB") 1189 "schaeffler", // schaeffler Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG 1190 "schmidt", // schmidt SALM S.A.S. 1191 "scholarships", // scholarships Scholarships.com, LLC 1192 "school", // school Little Galley, LLC 1193 "schule", // schule Outer Moon, LLC 1194 "schwarz", // schwarz Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG 1195 "science", // science dot Science Limited 1196 "scjohnson", // scjohnson Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1197 "scor", // scor SCOR SE 1198 "scot", // scot Dot Scot Registry Limited 1199 "search", // search Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1200 "seat", // seat SEAT, S.A. (Sociedad Unipersonal) 1201 "secure", // secure Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1202 "security", // security XYZ.COM LLC 1203 "seek", // seek Seek Limited 1204 "select", // select iSelect Ltd 1205 "sener", // sener Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A. 1206 "services", // services Fox Castle, LLC 1207 "ses", // ses SES 1208 "seven", // seven Seven West Media Ltd 1209 "sew", // sew SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co KG 1210 "sex", // sex ICM Registry SX LLC 1211 "sexy", // sexy Uniregistry, Corp. 1212 "sfr", // sfr Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone - SFR 1213 "shangrila", // shangrila Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited 1214 "sharp", // sharp Sharp Corporation 1215 "shaw", // shaw Shaw Cablesystems G.P. 1216 "shell", // shell Shell Information Technology International Inc 1217 "shia", // shia Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1218 "shiksha", // shiksha Afilias Limited 1219 "shoes", // shoes Binky Galley, LLC 1220 "shop", // shop GMO Registry, Inc. 1221 "shopping", // shopping Over Keep, LLC 1222 "shouji", // shouji QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1223 "show", // show Snow Beach, LLC 1224 "showtime", // showtime CBS Domains Inc. 1225 "shriram", // shriram Shriram Capital Ltd. 1226 "silk", // silk Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 1227 "sina", // sina Sina Corporation 1228 "singles", // singles Fern Madison, LLC 1229 "site", // site DotSite Inc. 1230 "ski", // ski STARTING DOT LIMITED 1231 "skin", // skin L'Oréal 1232 "sky", // sky Sky International AG 1233 "skype", // skype Microsoft Corporation 1234 "sling", // sling Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation 1235 "smart", // smart Smart Communications, Inc. (SMART) 1236 "smile", // smile Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1237 "sncf", // sncf SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Francais) 1238 "soccer", // soccer Foggy Shadow, LLC 1239 "social", // social United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1240 "softbank", // softbank SoftBank Group Corp. 1241 "software", // software United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1242 "sohu", // sohu Sohu.com Limited 1243 "solar", // solar Ruby Town, LLC 1244 "solutions", // solutions Silver Cover, LLC 1245 "song", // song Amazon EU S.à r.l. 1246 "sony", // sony Sony Corporation 1247 "soy", // soy Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1248 "space", // space DotSpace Inc. 1249 "spiegel", // spiegel SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG 1250 "sport", // sport Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF) 1251 "spot", // spot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1252 "spreadbetting", // spreadbetting DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD 1253 "srl", // srl InterNetX Corp. 1254 "srt", // srt FCA US LLC. 1255 "stada", // stada STADA Arzneimittel AG 1256 "staples", // staples Staples, Inc. 1257 "star", // star Star India Private Limited 1258 "starhub", // starhub StarHub Limited 1259 "statebank", // statebank STATE BANK OF INDIA 1260 "statefarm", // statefarm State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company 1261 "statoil", // statoil Statoil ASA 1262 "stc", // stc Saudi Telecom Company 1263 "stcgroup", // stcgroup Saudi Telecom Company 1264 "stockholm", // stockholm Stockholms kommun 1265 "storage", // storage Self Storage Company LLC 1266 "store", // store DotStore Inc. 1267 "stream", // stream dot Stream Limited 1268 "studio", // studio United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1269 "study", // study OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 1270 "style", // style Binky Moon, LLC 1271 "sucks", // sucks Vox Populi Registry Ltd. 1272 "supplies", // supplies Atomic Fields, LLC 1273 "supply", // supply Half Falls, LLC 1274 "support", // support Grand Orchard, LLC 1275 "surf", // surf Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1276 "surgery", // surgery Tin Avenue, LLC 1277 "suzuki", // suzuki SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION 1278 "swatch", // swatch The Swatch Group Ltd 1279 "swiftcover", // swiftcover Swiftcover Insurance Services Limited 1280 "swiss", // swiss Swiss Confederation 1281 "sydney", // sydney State of New South Wales, Department of Premier and Cabinet 1282 "symantec", // symantec Symantec Corporation 1283 "systems", // systems Dash Cypress, LLC 1284 "tab", // tab Tabcorp Holdings Limited 1285 "taipei", // taipei Taipei City Government 1286 "talk", // talk Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1287 "taobao", // taobao Alibaba Group Holding Limited 1288 "target", // target Target Domain Holdings, LLC 1289 "tatamotors", // tatamotors Tata Motors Ltd 1290 "tatar", // tatar Limited Liability Company "Coordination Center of Regional Domain of Tatarstan Republic" 1291 "tattoo", // tattoo Uniregistry, Corp. 1292 "tax", // tax Storm Orchard, LLC 1293 "taxi", // taxi Pine Falls, LLC 1294 "tci", // tci Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1295 "tdk", // tdk TDK Corporation 1296 "team", // team Atomic Lake, LLC 1297 "tech", // tech Dot Tech LLC 1298 "technology", // technology Auburn Falls, LLC 1299 "tel", // tel Telnic Ltd. 1300 "telecity", // telecity TelecityGroup International Limited 1301 "telefonica", // telefonica Telefónica S.A. 1302 "temasek", // temasek Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited 1303 "tennis", // tennis Cotton Bloom, LLC 1304 "teva", // teva Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited 1305 "thd", // thd Homer TLC, Inc. 1306 "theater", // theater Blue Tigers, LLC 1307 "theatre", // theatre XYZ.COM LLC 1308 "tiaa", // tiaa Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America 1309 "tickets", // tickets Accent Media Limited 1310 "tienda", // tienda Victor Manor, LLC 1311 "tiffany", // tiffany Tiffany and Company 1312 "tips", // tips Corn Willow, LLC 1313 "tires", // tires Dog Edge, LLC 1314 "tirol", // tirol punkt Tirol GmbH 1315 "tjmaxx", // tjmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc. 1316 "tjx", // tjx The TJX Companies, Inc. 1317 "tkmaxx", // tkmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc. 1318 "tmall", // tmall Alibaba Group Holding Limited 1319 "today", // today Pearl Woods, LLC 1320 "tokyo", // tokyo GMO Registry, Inc. 1321 "tools", // tools Pioneer North, LLC 1322 "top", // top Jiangsu Bangning Science & Technology Co.,Ltd. 1323 "toray", // toray Toray Industries, Inc. 1324 "toshiba", // toshiba TOSHIBA Corporation 1325 "total", // total Total SA 1326 "tours", // tours Sugar Station, LLC 1327 "town", // town Koko Moon, LLC 1328 "toyota", // toyota TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 1329 "toys", // toys Pioneer Orchard, LLC 1330 "trade", // trade Elite Registry Limited 1331 "trading", // trading DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD 1332 "training", // training Wild Willow, LLC 1333 "travel", // travel Tralliance Registry Management Company, LLC. 1334 "travelchannel", // travelchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 1335 "travelers", // travelers Travelers TLD, LLC 1336 "travelersinsurance", // travelersinsurance Travelers TLD, LLC 1337 "trust", // trust Artemis Internet Inc 1338 "trv", // trv Travelers TLD, LLC 1339 "tube", // tube Latin American Telecom LLC 1340 "tui", // tui TUI AG 1341 "tunes", // tunes Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1342 "tushu", // tushu Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1343 "tvs", // tvs T V SUNDRAM IYENGAR & SONS PRIVATE LIMITED 1344 "ubank", // ubank National Australia Bank Limited 1345 "ubs", // ubs UBS AG 1346 "uconnect", // uconnect FCA US LLC. 1347 "unicom", // unicom China United Network Communications Corporation Limited 1348 "university", // university Little Station, LLC 1349 "uno", // uno Dot Latin LLC 1350 "uol", // uol UBN INTERNET LTDA. 1351 "ups", // ups UPS Market Driver, Inc. 1352 "vacations", // vacations Atomic Tigers, LLC 1353 "vana", // vana Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 1354 "vanguard", // vanguard The Vanguard Group, Inc. 1355 "vegas", // vegas Dot Vegas, Inc. 1356 "ventures", // ventures Binky Lake, LLC 1357 "verisign", // verisign VeriSign, Inc. 1358 "versicherung", // versicherung dotversicherung-registry GmbH 1359 "vet", // vet United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1360 "viajes", // viajes Black Madison, LLC 1361 "video", // video United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1362 "vig", // vig VIENNA INSURANCE GROUP AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe 1363 "viking", // viking Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd. 1364 "villas", // villas New Sky, LLC 1365 "vin", // vin Holly Shadow, LLC 1366 "vip", // vip Minds + Machines Group Limited 1367 "virgin", // virgin Virgin Enterprises Limited 1368 "visa", // visa Visa Worldwide Pte. Limited 1369 "vision", // vision Koko Station, LLC 1370 "vista", // vista Vistaprint Limited 1371 "vistaprint", // vistaprint Vistaprint Limited 1372 "viva", // viva Saudi Telecom Company 1373 "vivo", // vivo Telefonica Brasil S.A. 1374 "vlaanderen", // vlaanderen DNS.be vzw 1375 "vodka", // vodka Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1376 "volkswagen", // volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America Inc. 1377 "volvo", // volvo Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag 1378 "vote", // vote Monolith Registry LLC 1379 "voting", // voting Valuetainment Corp. 1380 "voto", // voto Monolith Registry LLC 1381 "voyage", // voyage Ruby House, LLC 1382 "vuelos", // vuelos Travel Reservations SRL 1383 "wales", // wales Nominet UK 1384 "walmart", // walmart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 1385 "walter", // walter Sandvik AB 1386 "wang", // wang Zodiac Registry Limited 1387 "wanggou", // wanggou Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1388 "warman", // warman Weir Group IP Limited 1389 "watch", // watch Sand Shadow, LLC 1390 "watches", // watches Richemont DNS Inc. 1391 "weather", // weather The Weather Channel, LLC 1392 "weatherchannel", // weatherchannel The Weather Channel, LLC 1393 "webcam", // webcam dot Webcam Limited 1394 "weber", // weber Saint-Gobain Weber SA 1395 "website", // website DotWebsite Inc. 1396 "wed", // wed Atgron, Inc. 1397 "wedding", // wedding Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1398 "weibo", // weibo Sina Corporation 1399 "weir", // weir Weir Group IP Limited 1400 "whoswho", // whoswho Who's Who Registry 1401 "wien", // wien punkt.wien GmbH 1402 "wiki", // wiki Top Level Design, LLC 1403 "williamhill", // williamhill William Hill Organization Limited 1404 "win", // win First Registry Limited 1405 "windows", // windows Microsoft Corporation 1406 "wine", // wine June Station, LLC 1407 "winners", // winners The TJX Companies, Inc. 1408 "wme", // wme William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC 1409 "wolterskluwer", // wolterskluwer Wolters Kluwer N.V. 1410 "woodside", // woodside Woodside Petroleum Limited 1411 "work", // work Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1412 "works", // works Little Dynamite, LLC 1413 "world", // world Bitter Fields, LLC 1414 "wow", // wow Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1415 "wtc", // wtc World Trade Centers Association, Inc. 1416 "wtf", // wtf Hidden Way, LLC 1417 "xbox", // xbox Microsoft Corporation 1418 "xerox", // xerox Xerox DNHC LLC 1419 "xfinity", // xfinity Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC 1420 "xihuan", // xihuan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1421 "xin", // xin Elegant Leader Limited 1422 "xn--11b4c3d", // कॉम VeriSign Sarl 1423 "xn--1ck2e1b", // セール Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1424 "xn--1qqw23a", // 佛山 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd. 1425 "xn--2scrj9c", // ಭಾರತ National Internet eXchange of India 1426 "xn--30rr7y", // 慈善 Excellent First Limited 1427 "xn--3bst00m", // 集团 Eagle Horizon Limited 1428 "xn--3ds443g", // 在线 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED 1429 "xn--3hcrj9c", // ଭାରତ National Internet eXchange of India 1430 "xn--3oq18vl8pn36a", // 大众汽车 Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd. 1431 "xn--3pxu8k", // 点看 VeriSign Sarl 1432 "xn--42c2d9a", // คอม VeriSign Sarl 1433 "xn--45br5cyl", // ভাৰত National Internet eXchange of India 1434 "xn--45q11c", // 八卦 Zodiac Scorpio Limited 1435 "xn--4gbrim", // موقع Suhub Electronic Establishment 1436 "xn--54b7fta0cc", // বাংলা Posts and Telecommunications Division 1437 "xn--55qw42g", // 公益 China Organizational Name Administration Center 1438 "xn--55qx5d", // 公司 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center) 1439 "xn--5su34j936bgsg", // 香格里拉 Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited 1440 "xn--5tzm5g", // 网站 Global Website TLD Asia Limited 1441 "xn--6frz82g", // 移动 Afilias Limited 1442 "xn--6qq986b3xl", // 我爱你 Tycoon Treasure Limited 1443 "xn--80adxhks", // москва Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID) 1444 "xn--80aqecdr1a", // католик Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 1445 "xn--80asehdb", // онлайн CORE Association 1446 "xn--80aswg", // сайт CORE Association 1447 "xn--8y0a063a", // 联通 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited 1448 "xn--90ae", // бг Imena.BG Plc (NAMES.BG Plc) 1449 "xn--9dbq2a", // קום VeriSign Sarl 1450 "xn--9et52u", // 时尚 RISE VICTORY LIMITED 1451 "xn--9krt00a", // 微博 Sina Corporation 1452 "xn--b4w605ferd", // 淡马锡 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited 1453 "xn--bck1b9a5dre4c", // ファッション Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1454 "xn--c1avg", // орг Public Interest Registry 1455 "xn--c2br7g", // नेट VeriSign Sarl 1456 "xn--cck2b3b", // ストア Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1457 "xn--cg4bki", // 삼성 SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD 1458 "xn--czr694b", // 商标 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES(HOLDING) COMPANY.HONGKONG LIMITED 1459 "xn--czrs0t", // 商店 Wild Island, LLC 1460 "xn--czru2d", // 商城 Zodiac Aquarius Limited 1461 "xn--d1acj3b", // дети The Foundation for Network Initiatives “The Smart Internet” 1462 "xn--eckvdtc9d", // ポイント Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1463 "xn--efvy88h", // 新闻 Xinhua News Agency Guangdong Branch 新华通讯社广东分社 1464 "xn--estv75g", // 工行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited 1465 "xn--fct429k", // 家電 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1466 "xn--fhbei", // كوم VeriSign Sarl 1467 "xn--fiq228c5hs", // 中文网 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED 1468 "xn--fiq64b", // 中信 CITIC Group Corporation 1469 "xn--fjq720a", // 娱乐 Will Bloom, LLC 1470 "xn--flw351e", // 谷歌 Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1471 "xn--fzys8d69uvgm", // 電訊盈科 PCCW Enterprises Limited 1472 "xn--g2xx48c", // 购物 Minds + Machines Group Limited 1473 "xn--gckr3f0f", // クラウド Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1474 "xn--gk3at1e", // 通販 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1475 "xn--h2breg3eve", // भारतम् National Internet eXchange of India 1476 "xn--h2brj9c8c", // भारोत National Internet eXchange of India 1477 "xn--hxt814e", // 网店 Zodiac Libra Limited 1478 "xn--i1b6b1a6a2e", // संगठन Public Interest Registry 1479 "xn--imr513n", // 餐厅 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES (HOLDING) COMPANY. HONGKONG LIMITED 1480 "xn--io0a7i", // 网络 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center) 1481 "xn--j1aef", // ком VeriSign Sarl 1482 "xn--jlq61u9w7b", // 诺基亚 Nokia Corporation 1483 "xn--jvr189m", // 食品 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1484 "xn--kcrx77d1x4a", // 飞利浦 Koninklijke Philips N.V. 1485 "xn--kpu716f", // 手表 Richemont DNS Inc. 1486 "xn--kput3i", // 手机 Beijing RITT-Net Technology Development Co., Ltd 1487 "xn--mgba3a3ejt", // ارامكو Aramco Services Company 1488 "xn--mgba7c0bbn0a", // العليان Crescent Holding GmbH 1489 "xn--mgbaakc7dvf", // اتصالات Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat) 1490 "xn--mgbab2bd", // بازار CORE Association 1491 "xn--mgbai9azgqp6j", // پاکستان National Telecommunication Corporation 1492 "xn--mgbb9fbpob", // موبايلي GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L. 1493 "xn--mgbbh1a", // بارت National Internet eXchange of India 1494 "xn--mgbca7dzdo", // ابوظبي Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre 1495 "xn--mgbgu82a", // ڀارت National Internet eXchange of India 1496 "xn--mgbi4ecexp", // كاثوليك Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 1497 "xn--mgbt3dhd", // همراه Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1498 "xn--mk1bu44c", // 닷컴 VeriSign Sarl 1499 "xn--mxtq1m", // 政府 Net-Chinese Co., Ltd. 1500 "xn--ngbc5azd", // شبكة International Domain Registry Pty. Ltd. 1501 "xn--ngbe9e0a", // بيتك Kuwait Finance House 1502 "xn--ngbrx", // عرب League of Arab States 1503 "xn--nqv7f", // 机构 Public Interest Registry 1504 "xn--nqv7fs00ema", // 组织机构 Public Interest Registry 1505 "xn--nyqy26a", // 健康 Stable Tone Limited 1506 "xn--otu796d", // 招聘 Dot Trademark TLD Holding Company Limited 1507 "xn--p1acf", // рус Rusnames Limited 1508 "xn--pbt977c", // 珠宝 Richemont DNS Inc. 1509 "xn--pssy2u", // 大拿 VeriSign Sarl 1510 "xn--q9jyb4c", // みんな Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1511 "xn--qcka1pmc", // グーグル Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1512 "xn--rhqv96g", // 世界 Stable Tone Limited 1513 "xn--rovu88b", // 書籍 Amazon EU S.à r.l. 1514 "xn--rvc1e0am3e", // ഭാരതം National Internet eXchange of India 1515 "xn--ses554g", // 网址 KNET Co., Ltd 1516 "xn--t60b56a", // 닷넷 VeriSign Sarl 1517 "xn--tckwe", // コム VeriSign Sarl 1518 "xn--tiq49xqyj", // 天主教 Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 1519 "xn--unup4y", // 游戏 Spring Fields, LLC 1520 "xn--vermgensberater-ctb", // VERMöGENSBERATER Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1521 "xn--vermgensberatung-pwb", // VERMöGENSBERATUNG Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1522 "xn--vhquv", // 企业 Dash McCook, LLC 1523 "xn--vuq861b", // 信息 Beijing Tele-info Network Technology Co., Ltd. 1524 "xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra", // 嘉里大酒店 Kerry Trading Co. Limited 1525 "xn--w4rs40l", // 嘉里 Kerry Trading Co. Limited 1526 "xn--xhq521b", // 广东 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd. 1527 "xn--zfr164b", // 政务 China Organizational Name Administration Center 1528 "xxx", // xxx ICM Registry LLC 1529 "xyz", // xyz XYZ.COM LLC 1530 "yachts", // yachts DERYachts, LLC 1531 "yahoo", // yahoo Yahoo! Domain Services Inc. 1532 "yamaxun", // yamaxun Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1533 "yandex", // yandex YANDEX, LLC 1534 "yodobashi", // yodobashi YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD. 1535 "yoga", // yoga Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1536 "yokohama", // yokohama GMO Registry, Inc. 1537 "you", // you Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1538 "youtube", // youtube Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1539 "yun", // yun QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1540 "zappos", // zappos Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 1541 "zara", // zara Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (INDITEX, S.A.) 1542 "zero", // zero Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1543 "zip", // zip Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1544 "zippo", // zippo Zadco Company 1545 "zone", // zone Outer Falls, LLC 1546 "zuerich", // zuerich Kanton Zürich (Canton of Zurich) 1547 }; 1548 1549 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1550 private static final String[] COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS = new String[] { 1551 "ac", // Ascension Island 1552 "ad", // Andorra 1553 "ae", // United Arab Emirates 1554 "af", // Afghanistan 1555 "ag", // Antigua and Barbuda 1556 "ai", // Anguilla 1557 "al", // Albania 1558 "am", // Armenia 1559 //"an", // Netherlands Antilles (retired) 1560 "ao", // Angola 1561 "aq", // Antarctica 1562 "ar", // Argentina 1563 "as", // American Samoa 1564 "at", // Austria 1565 "au", // Australia (includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands) 1566 "aw", // Aruba 1567 "ax", // Åland 1568 "az", // Azerbaijan 1569 "ba", // Bosnia and Herzegovina 1570 "bb", // Barbados 1571 "bd", // Bangladesh 1572 "be", // Belgium 1573 "bf", // Burkina Faso 1574 "bg", // Bulgaria 1575 "bh", // Bahrain 1576 "bi", // Burundi 1577 "bj", // Benin 1578 "bm", // Bermuda 1579 "bn", // Brunei Darussalam 1580 "bo", // Bolivia 1581 "br", // Brazil 1582 "bs", // Bahamas 1583 "bt", // Bhutan 1584 "bv", // Bouvet Island 1585 "bw", // Botswana 1586 "by", // Belarus 1587 "bz", // Belize 1588 "ca", // Canada 1589 "cc", // Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1590 "cd", // Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) 1591 "cf", // Central African Republic 1592 "cg", // Republic of the Congo 1593 "ch", // Switzerland 1594 "ci", // Côte d'Ivoire 1595 "ck", // Cook Islands 1596 "cl", // Chile 1597 "cm", // Cameroon 1598 "cn", // China, mainland 1599 "co", // Colombia 1600 "cr", // Costa Rica 1601 "cu", // Cuba 1602 "cv", // Cape Verde 1603 "cw", // Curaçao 1604 "cx", // Christmas Island 1605 "cy", // Cyprus 1606 "cz", // Czech Republic 1607 "de", // Germany 1608 "dj", // Djibouti 1609 "dk", // Denmark 1610 "dm", // Dominica 1611 "do", // Dominican Republic 1612 "dz", // Algeria 1613 "ec", // Ecuador 1614 "ee", // Estonia 1615 "eg", // Egypt 1616 "er", // Eritrea 1617 "es", // Spain 1618 "et", // Ethiopia 1619 "eu", // European Union 1620 "fi", // Finland 1621 "fj", // Fiji 1622 "fk", // Falkland Islands 1623 "fm", // Federated States of Micronesia 1624 "fo", // Faroe Islands 1625 "fr", // France 1626 "ga", // Gabon 1627 "gb", // Great Britain (United Kingdom) 1628 "gd", // Grenada 1629 "ge", // Georgia 1630 "gf", // French Guiana 1631 "gg", // Guernsey 1632 "gh", // Ghana 1633 "gi", // Gibraltar 1634 "gl", // Greenland 1635 "gm", // The Gambia 1636 "gn", // Guinea 1637 "gp", // Guadeloupe 1638 "gq", // Equatorial Guinea 1639 "gr", // Greece 1640 "gs", // South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 1641 "gt", // Guatemala 1642 "gu", // Guam 1643 "gw", // Guinea-Bissau 1644 "gy", // Guyana 1645 "hk", // Hong Kong 1646 "hm", // Heard Island and McDonald Islands 1647 "hn", // Honduras 1648 "hr", // Croatia (Hrvatska) 1649 "ht", // Haiti 1650 "hu", // Hungary 1651 "id", // Indonesia 1652 "ie", // Ireland (Éire) 1653 "il", // Israel 1654 "im", // Isle of Man 1655 "in", // India 1656 "io", // British Indian Ocean Territory 1657 "iq", // Iraq 1658 "ir", // Iran 1659 "is", // Iceland 1660 "it", // Italy 1661 "je", // Jersey 1662 "jm", // Jamaica 1663 "jo", // Jordan 1664 "jp", // Japan 1665 "ke", // Kenya 1666 "kg", // Kyrgyzstan 1667 "kh", // Cambodia (Khmer) 1668 "ki", // Kiribati 1669 "km", // Comoros 1670 "kn", // Saint Kitts and Nevis 1671 "kp", // North Korea 1672 "kr", // South Korea 1673 "kw", // Kuwait 1674 "ky", // Cayman Islands 1675 "kz", // Kazakhstan 1676 "la", // Laos (currently being marketed as the official domain for Los Angeles) 1677 "lb", // Lebanon 1678 "lc", // Saint Lucia 1679 "li", // Liechtenstein 1680 "lk", // Sri Lanka 1681 "lr", // Liberia 1682 "ls", // Lesotho 1683 "lt", // Lithuania 1684 "lu", // Luxembourg 1685 "lv", // Latvia 1686 "ly", // Libya 1687 "ma", // Morocco 1688 "mc", // Monaco 1689 "md", // Moldova 1690 "me", // Montenegro 1691 "mg", // Madagascar 1692 "mh", // Marshall Islands 1693 "mk", // Republic of Macedonia 1694 "ml", // Mali 1695 "mm", // Myanmar 1696 "mn", // Mongolia 1697 "mo", // Macau 1698 "mp", // Northern Mariana Islands 1699 "mq", // Martinique 1700 "mr", // Mauritania 1701 "ms", // Montserrat 1702 "mt", // Malta 1703 "mu", // Mauritius 1704 "mv", // Maldives 1705 "mw", // Malawi 1706 "mx", // Mexico 1707 "my", // Malaysia 1708 "mz", // Mozambique 1709 "na", // Namibia 1710 "nc", // New Caledonia 1711 "ne", // Niger 1712 "nf", // Norfolk Island 1713 "ng", // Nigeria 1714 "ni", // Nicaragua 1715 "nl", // Netherlands 1716 "no", // Norway 1717 "np", // Nepal 1718 "nr", // Nauru 1719 "nu", // Niue 1720 "nz", // New Zealand 1721 "om", // Oman 1722 "pa", // Panama 1723 "pe", // Peru 1724 "pf", // French Polynesia With Clipperton Island 1725 "pg", // Papua New Guinea 1726 "ph", // Philippines 1727 "pk", // Pakistan 1728 "pl", // Poland 1729 "pm", // Saint-Pierre and Miquelon 1730 "pn", // Pitcairn Islands 1731 "pr", // Puerto Rico 1732 "ps", // Palestinian territories (PA-controlled West Bank and Gaza Strip) 1733 "pt", // Portugal 1734 "pw", // Palau 1735 "py", // Paraguay 1736 "qa", // Qatar 1737 "re", // Réunion 1738 "ro", // Romania 1739 "rs", // Serbia 1740 "ru", // Russia 1741 "rw", // Rwanda 1742 "sa", // Saudi Arabia 1743 "sb", // Solomon Islands 1744 "sc", // Seychelles 1745 "sd", // Sudan 1746 "se", // Sweden 1747 "sg", // Singapore 1748 "sh", // Saint Helena 1749 "si", // Slovenia 1750 "sj", // Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no) 1751 "sk", // Slovakia 1752 "sl", // Sierra Leone 1753 "sm", // San Marino 1754 "sn", // Senegal 1755 "so", // Somalia 1756 "sr", // Suriname 1757 "st", // São Tomé and Príncipe 1758 "su", // Soviet Union (deprecated) 1759 "sv", // El Salvador 1760 "sx", // Sint Maarten 1761 "sy", // Syria 1762 "sz", // Swaziland 1763 "tc", // Turks and Caicos Islands 1764 "td", // Chad 1765 "tf", // French Southern and Antarctic Lands 1766 "tg", // Togo 1767 "th", // Thailand 1768 "tj", // Tajikistan 1769 "tk", // Tokelau 1770 "tl", // East Timor (deprecated old code) 1771 "tm", // Turkmenistan 1772 "tn", // Tunisia 1773 "to", // Tonga 1774 //"tp", // East Timor (Retired) 1775 "tr", // Turkey 1776 "tt", // Trinidad and Tobago 1777 "tv", // Tuvalu 1778 "tw", // Taiwan, Republic of China 1779 "tz", // Tanzania 1780 "ua", // Ukraine 1781 "ug", // Uganda 1782 "uk", // United Kingdom 1783 "us", // United States of America 1784 "uy", // Uruguay 1785 "uz", // Uzbekistan 1786 "va", // Vatican City State 1787 "vc", // Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1788 "ve", // Venezuela 1789 "vg", // British Virgin Islands 1790 "vi", // U.S. Virgin Islands 1791 "vn", // Vietnam 1792 "vu", // Vanuatu 1793 "wf", // Wallis and Futuna 1794 "ws", // Samoa (formerly Western Samoa) 1795 "xn--3e0b707e", // 한국 KISA (Korea Internet & Security Agency) 1796 "xn--45brj9c", // ভারত National Internet Exchange of India 1797 "xn--80ao21a", // қаз Association of IT Companies of Kazakhstan 1798 "xn--90a3ac", // срб Serbian National Internet Domain Registry (RNIDS) 1799 "xn--90ais", // ??? Reliable Software Inc. 1800 "xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd", // சிங்கப்பூர் Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd 1801 "xn--d1alf", // мкд Macedonian Academic Research Network Skopje 1802 "xn--e1a4c", // ею EURid vzw/asbl 1803 "xn--fiqs8s", // 中国 China Internet Network Information Center 1804 "xn--fiqz9s", // 中國 China Internet Network Information Center 1805 "xn--fpcrj9c3d", // భారత్ National Internet Exchange of India 1806 "xn--fzc2c9e2c", // ලංකා LK Domain Registry 1807 "xn--gecrj9c", // ભારત National Internet Exchange of India 1808 "xn--h2brj9c", // भारत National Internet Exchange of India 1809 "xn--j1amh", // укр Ukrainian Network Information Centre (UANIC), Inc. 1810 "xn--j6w193g", // 香港 Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation Ltd. 1811 "xn--kprw13d", // 台湾 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC) 1812 "xn--kpry57d", // 台灣 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC) 1813 "xn--l1acc", // мон Datacom Co.,Ltd 1814 "xn--lgbbat1ad8j", // الجزائر CERIST 1815 "xn--mgb9awbf", // عمان Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) 1816 "xn--mgba3a4f16a", // ایران Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) 1817 "xn--mgbaam7a8h", // امارات Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) 1818 "xn--mgbayh7gpa", // الاردن National Information Technology Center (NITC) 1819 "xn--mgbbh1a71e", // بھارت National Internet Exchange of India 1820 "xn--mgbc0a9azcg", // المغرب Agence Nationale de Réglementation des Télécommunications (ANRT) 1821 "xn--mgberp4a5d4ar", // السعودية Communications and Information Technology Commission 1822 "xn--mgbpl2fh", // ????? Sudan Internet Society 1823 "xn--mgbtx2b", // عراق Communications and Media Commission (CMC) 1824 "xn--mgbx4cd0ab", // مليسيا MYNIC Berhad 1825 "xn--mix891f", // 澳門 Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation (DSRT) 1826 "xn--node", // გე Information Technologies Development Center (ITDC) 1827 "xn--o3cw4h", // ไทย Thai Network Information Center Foundation 1828 "xn--ogbpf8fl", // سورية National Agency for Network Services (NANS) 1829 "xn--p1ai", // рф Coordination Center for TLD RU 1830 "xn--pgbs0dh", // تونس Agence Tunisienne d'Internet 1831 "xn--qxam", // ελ ICS-FORTH GR 1832 "xn--s9brj9c", // ਭਾਰਤ National Internet Exchange of India 1833 "xn--wgbh1c", // مصر National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority - NTRA 1834 "xn--wgbl6a", // قطر Communications Regulatory Authority 1835 "xn--xkc2al3hye2a", // இலங்கை LK Domain Registry 1836 "xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h", // இந்தியா National Internet Exchange of India 1837 "xn--y9a3aq", // ??? Internet Society 1838 "xn--yfro4i67o", // 新加坡 Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd 1839 "xn--ygbi2ammx", // فلسطين Ministry of Telecom & Information Technology (MTIT) 1840 "ye", // Yemen 1841 "yt", // Mayotte 1842 "za", // South Africa 1843 "zm", // Zambia 1844 "zw", // Zimbabwe 1845 }; 1846 1847 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1848 private static final String[] LOCAL_TLDS = new String[] { 1849 "localdomain", // Also widely used as localhost.localdomain 1850 "localhost", // RFC2606 defined 1851 }; 1852 1853 // Additional arrays to supplement or override the built in ones. 1854 // The PLUS arrays are valid keys, the MINUS arrays are invalid keys 1855 1856 /* 1857 * This field is used to detect whether the getInstance has been called. 1858 * After this, the method updateTLDOverride is not allowed to be called. 1859 * This field does not need to be volatile since it is only accessed from 1860 * synchronized methods. 1861 */ 1862 private static boolean inUse; 1863 1864 /* 1865 * These arrays are mutable, but they don't need to be volatile. 1866 * They can only be updated by the updateTLDOverride method, and any readers must get an instance 1867 * using the getInstance methods which are all (now) synchronised. 1868 */ 1869 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1870 private static volatile String[] countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1871 1872 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1873 private static volatile String[] genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1874 1875 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1876 private static volatile String[] countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1877 1878 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1879 private static volatile String[] genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1880 1881 /** 1882 * enum used by {@link DomainValidator#updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])} 1883 * to determine which override array to update / fetch 1884 * @since 1.5.0 1885 * @since 1.5.1 made public and added read-only array references 1886 */ 1887 public enum ArrayType { 1888 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal generic TLDs */ 1889 GENERIC_PLUS, 1890 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted generic TLDs */ 1891 GENERIC_MINUS, 1892 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal country code TLDs */ 1893 COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS, 1894 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted country code TLDs */ 1895 COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS, 1896 /** Get a copy of the generic TLDS table */ 1897 GENERIC_RO, 1898 /** Get a copy of the country code table */ 1899 COUNTRY_CODE_RO, 1900 /** Get a copy of the infrastructure table */ 1901 INFRASTRUCTURE_RO, 1902 /** Get a copy of the local table */ 1903 LOCAL_RO 1904 } 1905 1906 // For use by unit test code only 1907 static synchronized void clearTLDOverrides() { 1908 inUse = false; 1909 countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1910 countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1911 genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1912 genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1913 } 1914 1915 /** 1916 * Update one of the TLD override arrays. 1917 * This must only be done at program startup, before any instances are accessed using getInstance. 1918 * <p> 1919 * For example: 1920 * <p> 1921 * <code>DomainValidator.updateTLDOverride(ArrayType.GENERIC_PLUS, new String[]{"apache"})}</code> 1922 * <p> 1923 * To clear an override array, provide an empty array. 1924 * 1925 * @param table the table to update, see {@link DomainValidator.ArrayType} 1926 * Must be one of the following 1927 * <ul> 1928 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS</li> 1929 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS</li> 1930 * <li>GENERIC_MINUS</li> 1931 * <li>GENERIC_PLUS</li> 1932 * </ul> 1933 * @param tlds the array of TLDs, must not be null 1934 * @throws IllegalStateException if the method is called after getInstance 1935 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the read-only tables is requested 1936 * @since 1.5.0 1937 */ 1938 public static synchronized void updateTLDOverride(ArrayType table, String... tlds) { 1939 if (inUse) { 1940 throw new IllegalStateException("Can only invoke this method before calling getInstance"); 1941 } 1942 String[] copy = new String[tlds.length]; 1943 // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries 1944 for (int i = 0; i < tlds.length; i++) { 1945 copy[i] = tlds[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH); 1946 } 1947 Arrays.sort(copy); 1948 switch(table) { 1949 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: 1950 countryCodeTLDsMinus = copy; 1951 break; 1952 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: 1953 countryCodeTLDsPlus = copy; 1954 break; 1955 case GENERIC_MINUS: 1956 genericTLDsMinus = copy; 1957 break; 1958 case GENERIC_PLUS: 1959 genericTLDsPlus = copy; 1960 break; 1961 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO: 1962 case GENERIC_RO: 1963 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO: 1964 case LOCAL_RO: 1965 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot update the table: " + table); 1966 default: 1967 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected enum value: " + table); 1968 } 1969 } 1970 1971 /** 1972 * Get a copy of the internal array. 1973 * @param table the array type (any of the enum values) 1974 * @return a copy of the array 1975 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected (should not happen) 1976 * @since 1.5.1 1977 */ 1978 public static String[] getTLDEntries(ArrayType table) { 1979 final String[] array; 1980 switch(table) { 1981 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: 1982 array = countryCodeTLDsMinus; 1983 break; 1984 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: 1985 array = countryCodeTLDsPlus; 1986 break; 1987 case GENERIC_MINUS: 1988 array = genericTLDsMinus; 1989 break; 1990 case GENERIC_PLUS: 1991 array = genericTLDsPlus; 1992 break; 1993 case GENERIC_RO: 1994 array = GENERIC_TLDS; 1995 break; 1996 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO: 1997 array = COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS; 1998 break; 1999 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO: 2000 array = INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS; 2001 break; 2002 case LOCAL_RO: 2003 array = LOCAL_TLDS; 2004 break; 2005 default: 2006 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected enum value: " + table); 2007 } 2008 return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array 2009 } 2010 2011 /** 2012 * Converts potentially Unicode input to punycode. 2013 * If conversion fails, returns the original input. 2014 * 2015 * @param input the string to convert, not null 2016 * @return converted input, or original input if conversion fails 2017 */ 2018 // Needed by UrlValidator 2019 static String unicodeToASCII(String input) { 2020 if (isOnlyASCII(input)) { // skip possibly expensive processing 2021 return input; 2022 } 2023 try { 2024 final String ascii = IDN.toASCII(input); 2025 if (IdnBugHolder.IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS) { 2026 return ascii; 2027 } 2028 final int length = input.length(); 2029 if (length == 0) { // check there is a last character 2030 return input; 2031 } 2032 // RFC3490 3.1. 1) 2033 // Whenever dots are used as label separators, the following 2034 // characters MUST be recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002 2035 // (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61 2036 // (halfwidth ideographic full stop). 2037 char lastChar = input.charAt(length-1); // fetch original last char 2038 switch(lastChar) { 2039 case '\u002E': // "." full stop 2040 case '\u3002': // ideographic full stop 2041 case '\uFF0E': // fullwidth full stop 2042 case '\uFF61': // halfwidth ideographic full stop 2043 return ascii + '.'; // restore the missing stop 2044 default: 2045 return ascii; 2046 } 2047 } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { // input is not valid 2048 Logging.trace(e); 2049 return input; 2050 } 2051 } 2052 2053 private static class IdnBugHolder { 2054 private static boolean keepsTrailingDot() { 2055 final String input = "a."; // must be a valid name 2056 return input.equals(IDN.toASCII(input)); 2057 } 2058 2059 private static final boolean IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS = keepsTrailingDot(); 2060 } 2061 2062 /* 2063 * Check if input contains only ASCII 2064 * Treats null as all ASCII 2065 */ 2066 private static boolean isOnlyASCII(String input) { 2067 if (input == null) { 2068 return true; 2069 } 2070 for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) { 2071 if (input.charAt(i) > 0x7F) { // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber 2072 return false; 2073 } 2074 } 2075 return true; 2076 } 2077 2078 /** 2079 * Check if a sorted array contains the specified key 2080 * 2081 * @param sortedArray the array to search 2082 * @param key the key to find 2083 * @return {@code true} if the array contains the key 2084 */ 2085 private static boolean arrayContains(String[] sortedArray, String key) { 2086 return Arrays.binarySearch(sortedArray, key) >= 0; 2087 } 2088}